Lecture 4

Question 1

What is meant by vulnerability in the vulnerability context?

Answer 1

It is the insecurity in the well-being fof individuals

Question 2

What are the 3 aspects of vulnerability context? Give an example of each

Answer 2

1. Shocks – conflict, illness, natural diseaster
2. Seasonalities – affecting prices and employment (seasonal employment)
3. Critical trends (demographic, environmnetal, economic, governance, technological trends)

Question 3

What 5 different assets do people drive their livelihoods from?

Answer 3

1. Natural (environmental)
2. Physical (infrastructure)
3. Social
4. Human
5. Financial

Question 4

What is the assumption made in the sustainable livelihoods approach with regards to policies, institutions and processes?

Answer 4

policies, institutions and processes shape
1. people’s access to assets and livelihood activities
2. The vulnerability context in which they live

Question 5

What 3 aspects does the sustainable livelihoods approach cover?

Answer 5

1. Social
2. Environmental
3. Economic

Question 6

What is the systems approach?

Answer 6

It looks looking at a community as a complex network of interconnected parts (individuals, institutions, and infrastructure) and addressing issues by considering how changes in one area might impact others, rather than tackling problems in isolation; it emphasizes understanding the complex interactions within a community to create holistic solutions through collaboration and participation from diverse stakeholders.

Question 7

A systems view of community development emphasises the ____ elements rather than just the physical/material elements of the community.

Answer 7

Social (agency vs structure)

Question 8

Which view does a systems approach take?

a. Functionalist
b. critical
c. interpretivist

Answer 8

A. Functionalist

Question 9

What does the community empowerment seek to do?

Answer 9

It attempts to minimise / remove power imbalances to enable sustainable community development and fairer outcomes

Question 10

What are the 3 key components of community empowerment?

Answer 10

1. Stengthening social capital / communities -> bring people together to work out shared solutions
2. Active citizens : people with the motibation, skills and confidences speak up for their communities and state improvements to be made
3. Partnership with public bodies

Question 11

What is radical community development and how does it differ from community empowerment model?

Answer 11

community development approach that actively challenges existing power structures and systemic inequalities (achieved through critical consciousness), empowering marginalised groups to create change.

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Difference : radical community development is about creating change through collective action

Question 12

What is a sustainable livelihood?
A) A job that provides high financial returns
B) A livelihood that can withstand shocks and maintain resources for future generations
C) A short-term employment opportunity
D) A government welfare program

Answer 12

B

Question 14

The four key assumptions of the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach include:
A) People do not experience external risks or seasonal changes
B) People possess unlimited access to assets for making a livelihood
C) Policies, institutions, and processes shape access to resources
D) Livelihood strategies only depend on financial capital

Answer 14

C

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the five capital assets in SLA?
A) Natural capital
B) Physical capital
C) Cultural capital
D) Social capital

Answer 16

C

Question 17

How does the SLA differ from traditional development models?
A) It focuses solely on increasing financial aid to communities
B) It prioritizes people’s capacity to create and sustain their own positive change
C) It relies mainly on large-scale infrastructure projects
D) It assumes that statistical measures like GDP are sufficient to assess community well-being

Answer 17

B

Question 18

The Systems Approach is based on which sociological theory?
A) Conflict Theory
B) Symbolic Interactionism
C) Social Systems Theory (Talcott Parsons)
D) Rational Choice Theory

Answer 18

A

Question 19

How does the Systems Approach view community development?
A) Communities function as independent entities with no external influence
B) Communities are complex, adaptive systems that interact with their environment
C) A community is only defined by its physical infrastructure
D) Community problems can be solved only at the micro level

Answer 19

B

Question 20

According to Systems Theory, what happens when a community loses cohesion?
A) It becomes unsustainable and fragmented
B) It automatically finds a way to reorganize itself
C) It always becomes stronger due to new leadership
D) It has no impact on development outcomes

Answer 20

B

Question 22

According to Max Weber, what is power?
A) The ability to impose one’s will even in the face of opposition
B) The ability to generate financial wealth
C) The process of achieving social harmony
D) The natural result of a democratic system

Answer 22

A

Question 23

**The Community Empowerment Model aims to:** A) Strengthen state and corporate control over communities B) Give more control and decision-making power to communities C) Reduce civic participation and engagement D) Prevent marginalized groups from engaging in development initiatives

Answer 23

B

Question 24

**What are the key components of community empowerment?** A) Active citizens, strengthened communities, and partnerships with public bodies B) A strong government with minimal community engagement C) High economic investments from corporations D) Reducing public participation to avoid social conflict

Answer 24

A

Question 25

**What is the main goal of Radical Community Development?** A) To advocate for social justice and systemic change B) To ensure complete self-sufficiency without collaboration C) To reinforce traditional power structures D) To eliminate conflict and activism in development

Answer 25

A

Question 26

**How does Radical Community Development differ from other models?** A) It prioritizes political activism and collective action B) It focuses only on economic growth and financial capital C) It avoids conflict and protests in community organizing D) It only involves government-led initiatives

Answer 26

A

Question 27

**What does Critical Pedagogy (Paulo Freire) emphasize?** A) The importance of memorizing facts for development B) The need to question social inequalities and create change C) The rejection of all forms of government policies D) A purely theoretical approach to education with no practical application

Answer 27

B

Question 28

**Which of the following statements best differentiates the Empowerment Model and the Radical Community Development Model?** A) Empowerment focuses on strengthening communities within existing structures, while Radical Development seeks to challenge and change those structures B) The Empowerment Model always leads to conflict, whereas Radical Development does not C) The Radical Model focuses only on economic issues, whereas the Empowerment Model focuses on education D) They are essentially the same model with different terminology

Answer 28

A

Question 29

**Which community development model is most focused on reducing power imbalances in society?** A) Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) B) Community Capitals Framework C) Radical Community Development D) Networking Model

Answer 29

C

Question 30

**What is an example of a systemic approach to solving domestic violence issues?** A) Isolating victims from their communities for safety B) Creating visible, open shelters that engage families and social networks in solutions C) Encouraging victims to move away and not interact with their communities D) Relying only on law enforcement without considering social support

Answer 30

B

Question 31

**What is a key criticism of Radical Community Development?** A) It focuses too much on economic development and not enough on social issues B) It may encourage conflict as a necessary step for change C) It is not concerned with marginalized communities D) It does not recognize the role of social capital

Answer 31

B