Lecture 4-5

Question 1

the functions of the upper limb

Answer 1

Supports muscles, nerves and blood

acts as levers to produce extensive movements

Question 2

4 regions of the bone

Answer 2

Pectoral girdle
arm
forearm
hand

Question 3

Short notes on the pectoral girdle

Answer 3

i) region of the upper limb that attaches to the trunk and neck.
ii) consists of the clavicle, scapula and proximal part of the humerus

Question 4

Shape and location of the clavicle

Answer 4

shape: Long, slender S-shaped bone lies underneath the skin
Extends horizontally from sternum to acromion

Question 5

Medial end if the clavicle

Answer 5

Enlarged and rounded; articulates with sternum

Question 6

Lateral end of the clavicle

Answer 6

Flattened; articulates with acromion of scapula

Question 7

Shaft of the clavicle

Answer 7

Flattened; articulates with acromion of scapula

Question 8

Functions of the clavicle

Answer 8

• Acts as a strut that holds arm away from the trunk.
• Transmits forces from upper limb to axial skeleton.
• Provides attachment for muscle

Question 9

Short notes on the Scapula

Answer 9

Large, flattened triangular bone.
– Located on posterolateral surface of
thorax; between 2nd and 7th ribs.

Question 10

3 borders of the scapula

Answer 10

lateral, medial and superior

Question 11

3 angles of the scapula

Answer 11

superior, inferior and lateral.

Question 12

3 processes of the scapula

Answer 12

coracoid, acromion and spine

Question 13

Short notes on the Humerus (2)

Answer 13

Longest, strongest bone of upper limb.
It has 2 ends and a shaft

Question 14

The proximal end of the Humerus

Answer 14

expanded; consists of a head,
anatomical neck, greater and lesser tubercles,
intertubercular groove (sulcus)

Question 15

Shaft of the humerus

Answer 15

cylindrical; deltoid tuberosity, radial groove

Question 16

Distal end of the humerus

Answer 16

forms a condyle; consists of capitulum, trochlea,
medial and lateral epicondyles, radial fossa,
coronoid fossa, olecranon fossa.

Question 17

nerves that maybe affected during humerus fractures

Answer 17

• Surgical neck: axillary nerve.
• Radial groove: radial nerve.
• Distal end of humerus: median nerve.
• Medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve.

Question 18

Short notes on the radius (2)

Answer 18

– Situated on lateral side of forearm, shorter.
– Extends from elbow to wrist; has 2 ends and shaft

Question 19

Proximal on the radius

Answer 19

small; consists of a head,
neck and radial (bicipital) tuberosity

Question 20

Shaft of the the radius

Answer 20

enlarges from proximal to distal

Question 21

Distal end of the radius

Answer 21

large, expanded; has a styloid process,
ulnar notch and dorsal tubercle

Question 22

Short notes on the ulna

Answer 22

-On medial side of forearm; longer than radius.
– It has a shaft and two ends

Question 23

Proximal end of the ulna

Answer 23

large; consists of olecranon process,
coronoid process, trochlear notch, radial notch.

Question 24

Shaft of the ulna

Answer 24

Long and curved

Question 25

Distal end of the ulna

Answer 25

small; has a head and styloid process

Question 26

Short on the Carpals

Answer 26

8 bones arranged in 2 rows
SLOTPHTT

Question 27

Metacarpals

Answer 27

5 long bones
from lateral to medial
base
shaft
head (knuckles)

Question 28

Phalanges

Answer 28

Base
head
shaft
3 phalanges for 2nd to 5th hand

Question 29

short notes on the Carpal tunnel

Answer 29

-a passage on the palmar (anterior) aspect of the wrist

-formed by concavity of the carpal bones (carpal arch) and fibrous
band called the flexor retinaculum

-10 flexor tendons and a nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel