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CATA 337 - fall 2022 > Lecture 4 - Ankle/leg/foot ax > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Ankle/leg/foot ax Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Main functions (2) of the foot

A

Propulsion and support

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2
Q

3 sections of the foot

A

Hindfoot (rearfoot)
Midfoot
Forefoot

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3
Q

Three principal functions of the lower leg, ankle, and foot

A
  • Impact absorption and adaptation to uneven surfaces
  • Propulsion: act like a flexible lever
  • Support: act like a rigid structure that holds up the entire body
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4
Q

What 3 joints are included in the hindfoot?

A

Tibiofibular
Talocrural
Subtalar joint

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5
Q

Review chart p.10,12,14

A

Joints of the hindfoot

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6
Q

Components of the midfoot (7)

A

Talocalcaneonavicular
Cuneonavicular
Cuboideonavicular
Cuneocuboid
Calcaneocuboid
Chopart joint

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7
Q

Components of the forefoot (4)

A

Tarsometatarsal
Intermetatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Lisfranc joint

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8
Q

What questions to ask when looking at activity level for the ankle/foot?

A

Level of runner
Mileage/changes
Terrain
Warm up/Stretching
Shoes suited to sport
Training schedule (next race)

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9
Q

Swing phase is OKC or CKC

A

Open chain (NWB)

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10
Q

Stance phase is OKC or CKC

A

Closed chain (FWB)

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11
Q

What is pump bumps

A

Prominence on calcaneus due to tight ice skates

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12
Q

Normally, in standing, __ to ___% of weight is taken on the heel and __ to ___% is taken by the metatarsal heads.

A

50 to 60%
40 to 50%

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13
Q

What is a normal fick angle?

A

12 to 18 degrees from the axis of the body

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14
Q

Foot loading during gait - walking

A

1.2 times BW

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15
Q

Foot loading during gait - running

A

2 times BW

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16
Q

Foot loading during gait - jumping (from 2 feet/60 cm)

A

5 times BW

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17
Q

What do you look for in the shoe exam? (4)

A

Size matching feet
Wear and tear patterns
Age
Sports and walking shoes

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18
Q

What is included in the medial longitudinal arch? (5)

A

Calcaneal tuberosity
Talus
Navicular
3 cuneiforms
1-3 muscle tendons

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19
Q

What is included in the lateral longitudinal arch? (3)

A

Calcaneus
Cuboid
4-5 metatarsal

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20
Q

What is included in the transverse arch? (4)

A

Navicular
Cuneiforms
Cuboid
Metatarsal bones

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21
Q

Stages of Stance phase (5)

A

Initial contact (heel strike)
Load response (foot flat)
Midstance (single-leg stance)
Terminal stance (heel off)
Pre-swing (toe off)

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22
Q

Which stage of the stance phase supports the more BW?

A

Midstance/single-leg stance = 1.2 times BW

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23
Q

Swing is __ to __% of gait

A

35-40%

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24
Q

Parts of the swing phase (3)

A

Initial swing (acceleration)
Mid-swing
Terminal swing (deceleration)

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25
Temporal parameters - Step width
5-10 cm
26
Temporal parameters - Step length
72 cm
27
Temporal parameters - Stride length
144 cm
28
Temporal parameters - Lateral shift
2.5-5 cm
29
Temporal parameters - Vertical shift
5 cm
30
Temporal parameters - Pelvic rotation
8 degrees
31
Temporal parameters - Vertical/horizontal displacement
See fig. 14.8 = 5 cm
32
Temporal parameters - Cadence
90-120
33
Abnormal causes of pattern in gait (3)
1. Pathology or injury to joint 2. Compensation to pathology/injury to joints 3. Compensation to pathology/injury to limb
34
Types of abnormal gaits (15)
Antalgic Arthogenic Ataxic Contracture Equinus Glut max Glut med Hemiplegic/hemiparetic Parkinson Plantar flexor Psoatic Quad avoidance Scissors Short leg Drop foot
35
What is antalgic
Painful
36
What is arthogenic
Joint - hip or knee
37
What is ataxic
Neurological - sensation, motor control
38
What is contracture
Muscle - immobilized, etc. ex: if tight quad, hip could go in circumduction to avoid going into hip flexion
39
What is equinus
Toe walking
40
What is glut max (gait problem)
Trunk extends
41
What is glut med (gait problem)
Hip drop
42
What is Parkinson (gait problem)
Flexed, shuffle
43
What is plantar flexor (gait problem)
Limited push off
44
Functional testing examples (7)
Squatting Stairs (DF 20°) Standing one foot Walking (DF 10°, PF 20-25°) On toes/heels (muscle action, joint integrity) Run, add turns Jumping
45
Ankle dorsiflexion: ankle lunge test = explain
Measurement of distance of toes from wall - ankle fully dorsiflexed, knee against the wall
46
Name the weight-bearing active movements that need to be done (6)
PF DF Sup Pron Toe ext. Toe flex.
47
Name the non weight-bearing active movements that need to be done (8)
PF DF Sup Pron Toe ext. Toe flex. Toe ADD Toe ABD
48
Passive NWD movements that need to be done at foot
Talocrural DF/PF Subtalar In/Ev Mid-Tarsal ADD/ABD Toe F/E + ADD/ABD
49
Resisted movements that need to be done at the foot
Knee flexion PF/DF Sup/Pron Toe F/E
50
See p.67 for cross section
Motion diagram of the ankle
51
Special tests for ligament laxity (3)
Ant/Post. drawer Kleiger Squeeze test
52
What ligament does anterior drawer tests
ATF
53
What is injured for a positive test of Kleiger's test
Can be HAS or deltoid lig. sprain
54
What is injured for a positive test of squeeze and bump test
Syndesmosis injury
55
Which special test testes for laxity of medial and lateral ligaments
Talar tilt
56
What is the buerger's test
Circulatory - testing arterial blood supply - Leg elevation (45°) = draining of blood - Sitting over edge - return of blood longer than 2 minutes = +
57
Nerve test for upper motor lesion
Babinski
58
Nerve test - reflexes (2)
Achilles tendon Tibialis posterior
59
Nerve test - Tinel's sign
Tap test on 3 nerves
60
What is the tarsal tunnel syndrome
Compression of tibial nerve resulting in tightness in Tom, Dick and Harry or ABD
61
What are the joint play (7)/
Long axis extension AP/PA glide Talar rock Side tilt Rotation Side glide Tarsal mobility

CATA 337 - fall 2022 (16 decks)

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