Lecture 4 - Bone structure & function Flashcards
(27 cards)
one function of bones is detoxification
TRUE / FALSE
TRUE
Bone tissue can take up harmful heavy metals from the bloodstream that pose a risk to soft tissue
how many cells make up the cellular component of bone tissue?
four
these are the osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts
what are the differences between compact and spongy bone?
compact bone is dense, uniform in appearance and makes up ~80% of bone tissue
whereas spongy bone is less dense, has a messy structure and mostly makes up the inside the bone
what hormone can bone tissues secrete?
osteocalcin
this is an example of the endocrine role that bone tissue can play
the five main functions of bone tissue are
storage
blood cell formation
acid/base balance
detoxification
endocrine role
TRUE / FALSE
TRUE
bones can store several minerals including calcium, phosphate, growth factors as well as adipose tissue
blood cell formation occurs within the red/yellow bone marrow of bone tissue
bone tissue can take up/release protons and bicarbonate ions that impact blood ph
bone tissue can take up heavy metals that pose a risk to soft tissue
bone tissue can release the hormone osteocalcin
what is the role of osteoblasts?
osteoblasts secrete the organic component of the matrix - this causes cells to become trapped, forming the osteocytes
osteocytes can dissolve bone tissue
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
it is the osteoclasts that dissolve and reabsorb bone tissue by secreting acids and enzymes
this is vital for repairing, remodelling and adapting the bone tissue
the Acellular component of bone tissue consists of the mineral matrix and the osteoid matrix
TRUE / FALSE
TRUE
the mineral matrix, also known as the inorganic matrix makes up ~70% of bone tissue
the osteoid matrix, also known as the organic matrix, consists of ~30% of bone tissue
what is the main component of the mineral matrix?
calcium phosphate
this CaPO4 forms very hard hydroxyapatite crystals that provide strength to the bone tissue
the osteoid component of bone tissue consists of four different cells
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
the osteoid component, also known as the organic component consists entirely of collagen
this ensures the bone tissue is slightly flexible, otherwise the bone would be highly susceptible to snapping
sutural bones are typically cuboidal in shape
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
sutural bones are only formed when two bones in the skull are sutured together - these are usually narrow and flat
short bones and sesamoid bones are examples of bone types that are usually cuboidal in shape
what is a sesamoid bone?
a sesamoid bone is a type of short bone that is situated on a tendon
an example of a flat bone is the vertebrae
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
the vertebrae are a type of irregular bone as they have no obvious shape
a flat bone is typically narrow and flat compared with other bone types
the diaphysis of long bones contains mostly spongy bone
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
the diaphysis consists of mostly compact bone with a central bone shaft
the central bone shaft can contain either red or yellow bone marrow
name the membrane that surrounds long bones
periosteum membrane
this membrane provides the bone tissue with a blood and nerve supply
the membrane is connected to the compact bone by sharpey fibres
what is the role of articular cartilage?
articular cartilage surrounds the ends of bones that form joints
its main role is to cushion the bone ends
the epiphyseal plate is a remnant of the epiphyseal line from childhood
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
it is the epiphyseal line that is the remnant of the epiphyseal plate
this epiphyseal plate played a role in growth during childhood
name the cells that make up cartilage bones
chondrocytes
these cells begin to break down and calcify during endochondrial ossification
place these phrases in order for the process of endochondrial ossification
- these osteoblasts begin producing spongy bone until the entire diaphysis is filled
- osteoblasts begin producing the bone tissue, these
osteoblasts also migrate to the centre, forming the primary ossification centre - after birth, secondary ossification centres form in each of the epiphysis
- blood vessels infiltrate the bone and the perichondrium surrounds the bone
- chondrocytes in the centre of the cartilage bones begin to break down and calcify
- the perichondrium begins differentiating into the periosteum, this region then forms osteoblasts
the correct order is 5, 4, 6, 2, 1, 3
what are the three ways joints can be classified in terms of functionality?
functionally, joints are classified into synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses
synarthroses are completely immovable, amphiarthroses offer little movement and diarthroses are freely moveable
fibrous joints are when two bones are separated by a fluid filled cavity
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
fibrous joints are when two bones are seperated by fibrous tissue
a fluid filled cavity separates two bones in a synovial joint
synchondrosis and symphysis are two examples of fibrous joints
TRUE / FALSE
FALSE
these are examples of cartilaginous joints, synchondrosis is the joint between the first rib and sternum and symphysis is the joint between vertebrae
name three examples of fibrous joints
examples of fibrous joints include sutures, gomphosis and syndesmosis
sutures are when two skull bones are connected, gomphosis is the connection between teeth and the socket, syndesmosis are connections using slightly longer fibres that facilitate some movement
ball and socket joints offer the most movement
TRUE / FALSE
TRUE
ball and socket joints are a type of synovial joint that offer a multi-axial range of movement
