Lecture 4 exam

Question 1

What year do kids go through their most rapid changes in physical growth and development?

Answer 1

Within first year of life

Question 2

who gains more weight, a formula fed infant or a breastfed infant?

Answer 2

Formula fed infant

Question 3

How much taller do 6 months old get monthly?

Answer 3

1 inch per month for 6 months

Question 4

what is the cognitive and psychosocial stage for a infant to 1 years of age

Answer 4

Trust versus Mistrust

Question 5

how much does a babies brain account for its weight?

Answer 5

10-12%

Question 6

How much does a 12 month old baby grow in weight

Answer 6

it triples in weight

Question 7

How much do the lungs of a first year grow?

Answer 7

3x their weight and 6x their volume from birth

Question 8

What are 1 year old’s have a higher risk for?

Answer 8

Ear infection and fluid & electrolyte imbalance

Question 9

How much does the cardiovascular system grow at 1 years of age

Answer 9

Pulmonary circulation increases, heart doubles in size and weight, and heart
gradually slows while BP increases.

Question 10

Why are infants at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalance?

Answer 10

The kidney is not effective as a filtration organ yet

Question 11

How many teeth may a infant get by 1 year

Answer 11

may have 6

Question 12

Describe dental care for a infant

Answer 12

Wipe teeth twice a day
No toothpaste until child is able to spit it out & not swallow toothpaste
Visit dentist early
6 months after 1st primary tooth and no later than 12 months

Question 13

What happens if you give a infant juice or formula before bed

Answer 13

baby bottle tooth decay

Question 14

What are the infant Markers that tell you that your infant is ready for solid food

Answer 14

Able to sit

Infant weighs at least 13 lbs

Can reach for objects, maintains balance

Indicates a desire for food

Extrusion reflex has disappeared

Moves food to back of throat & swallows during spoon feedings

Question 15

What kind of food should your infant be introduced to first and why?

Answer 15

First food usually iron-fortified rice cereal

High in iron, easily digested, low allergic probability

Question 16

Do you introduce fruits or vegetables first?

Answer 16

vegetables

Question 17

How should you introduce foods to your infant?

Answer 17

One at a time for several days before introducing another to identify food intolerance or allergy

Question 18

When should you introduce fruits and veggies?

Answer 18

6-8 months of age

Question 19

when should you introduce strained meats or proteins?

Answer 19

8-10 months of age

Question 20

when should finger foods be introduced?

Answer 20

8-10 months when the infants palmar and then pincer grasps develop and teeth begin to erupt.

Question 21

What foods should a infant avoid?

Answer 21

Avoid hot dogs, hard vegetables, candy, whole grapes, peanut butter, marshmallows, seeds, popcorn, & nuts

Question 22

What should the nurse encourage for parents who’s infant are starting to eat finger foods?

Answer 22

Encourage parents to remain with infants and small children when they are eating finger foods

Question 23

When should eggs be introduced?

Answer 23

around 1 year of age

Question 24

when should Peanuts, nuts, fish, and shellfish be introduced?

Answer 24

3-4 years of age

Question 25

Why shouldn't you introduce honey to a child at a young age?

Answer 25

risk for botulism

Question 26

What vitamin supplementation should be started right away for infants and what does it prevent?

Answer 26

Vitamin D and prevents rickets

Question 27

describe general Nutrition guidance's that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

Answer 27

Iron Fortified cereal at 4-6months Pureed fruits, vegetables, rice 6-8 months Finger foods 8-12 months

Question 28

describe an activity guidance that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

Answer 28

0-2 months: music, rocking, cuddling, reading 3-6 months: play with fingers/toes, toys (rattles, stuffed animals, musical toys) 6-12 months: peek-a-boo, nesting cups, teething toys, music for naps/sleep, blocks

Question 29

describe a sleep guidance that a nurse will give to a parent with a infant

Answer 29

Infants: sleep 17-20 hrs/day, varies sleep decrease over the first year Allow infant to self sooth Should regulate between sleep/wake cycles SIDS PREVENTION

Question 30

What age are all 20 baby teeth present

Answer 30

around 30 months of age

Question 31

what is the average weight gain and height increase yearly for a 1-3 year old.

Answer 31

Average wt gain is 5 lbs per year. its quadrupled from birth Average increase in ht is 3 inches per year. children attain half of their adults height between age 2 and 3

Question 32

How does learning occur for a toddler

Answer 32

by trial and error

Question 33

what are the age groups of growth

Answer 33

``` infant 0-12 months toddlers 12-36 months preschooler 3-5 years school age 6-12 years adolescent 12-20 years ```

Question 34

what is parallel play for toddlers?

Answer 34

children play alongside one another but not with one another

Question 35

what is the best way to solve a temper tantrum

Answer 35

Best way to deal with it is to safely isolate and ignore the child

Question 36

what is expressive jargon for a toddler

Answer 36

unintelligible words with normal speech intonations as if truly communicating in words

Question 37

what is the vocabulary of a 2 year old

Answer 37

300 words

Question 38

how does a parent deal with expressive jargon?

Answer 38

Assisting them to utilize effective communication is a vital need during this stage of development

Question 39

where is the growth mostly done for a preschooler?

Answer 39

arms and legs

Question 40

for a preschooler, what is associative play?

Answer 40

group play without group goals. Play is imitative, dramatic, & creative

Question 41

average weight and height gain yearly for a preschooler?

Answer 41

Average wt gain is 5lbs per year and ht is 2-3 inches per year.

Question 42

what is the nutrition guide for a nurse on a preschooler?

Answer 42

Nutrition Reinforce good eating habits with parents Eat about half as much as adults Food jags Obesity risks Physiologic anorexia

Question 43

what is the sleep and dental guide for a nurse on a preschooler?

Answer 43

Sleep 10-12 hours sleep/night Dental Importance of good dental hygiene (proper teeth cleaning, removal of plaque, flossing, balanced diet)

Question 44

when is the first baby tooth lost?

Answer 44

6 years of age

Question 45

what age range is when 28 of the 32 permanent teeth erupt?

Answer 45

6-12

Question 46

What age does Cooperative play finally begine?

Answer 46

between ages 6-12

Question 47

What are the top 3 health risks in order for 12-20 years of age?

Answer 47

Accidents—leading cause of death Homicide—2nd leading cause of death Suicide—3rd leading cause of death

Question 48

what are the 3 stages of separation anxiety?

Answer 48

1. Protest 2. Despair 3. Detachment

Question 49

Should children who are immunocompromised receive live bacterial or viral vaccines?

Answer 49

absolutely not

Question 50

How much do babies grow in weight by 6 months?

Answer 50

They double their weight

Question 51

When should you introduce solid foods to your baby?

Answer 51

6 months of age

Question 52

When should the anterior fontenelle close up for a baby?

Answer 52

around a year old

Question 53

at what age will a child likely be able to bring objects to its mouth at will?

Answer 53

3 months of age

Question 54

what type of play will a toddler engage in?

Answer 54

parallel play

Question 55

What are some readiness signs for toilet training for a two year old

Answer 55

The child remains dry during a nap or two hours during the day The child shows interest in toilet training the child is verbalizing when they are peeing or pooping

Question 56

what age group would a nurse be most concerned about regarding the risk of choking and why?

Answer 56

8-12 months of age because this is when they start to explore things orally and their able to pick small object up

Question 57

If you are taking a MAOI (monoamine oxidase inhibitor) what type of foods are you going to avoid?

Answer 57

tyramine containing foods

Question 58

Why is it not recommended to give children aspirin?

Answer 58

Reye syndrome

Question 59

What foods contain tyramine?

Answer 59

Cured meats like sausage and pepperoni Cheeses Sauerkraut

Question 60

How is Dysthymia classified?

Answer 60

Depressed mood for 2 years with at least 2 additional depression symptoms

Question 61

How is major depressive disorder classified?

Answer 61

5 clinical findings everyday for at least 2 weeks

Question 62

Nursing priorities for a patient experiencing an acute anxiety attack include what?

Answer 62

Maintain calm, supportive environment Maintain safety and prevent injury Walk with the patient if they are pacing

Question 63

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with mild anxiety?

Answer 63

heightened perception, irritability, restlessness, and increased motivation

Question 64

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with moderate anxiety?

Answer 64

shaking, tremors, having trouble focusing, pounding heart, tremor in voice, increase HR and respirations

Question 65

What clinical features is most likely to be seen in patients with severe anxiety?

Answer 65

ineffective problem solving, hyperventilation, sense of doom, person may appear dazed, confused or unresponsive.

Question 66

What clinical features are most likely to be seen in patients with a panic attack?

Answer 66

Loss of reality, confusion, screaming, loss of rational thought, erratic physical behavior.

Question 67

What are the symptoms used to classify Dysthymic disorder

Answer 67

- decreased or increased appetite - insomnia or hypersomnia - low energy or chronic fatigue - decreased self-esteem - Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions - Feelings of hopelessness or despair

Question 68

What 2 hormone are related to depression?

Answer 68

Serotonin and Norepinephrine

Question 69

What 2 classes of medications should not be taken within 14 days of MAO inhibitors?

Answer 69

SSRI's and SNRI's

Question 70

What do SSRI's do?

Answer 70

Block the neuronal uptake of serotonin

Question 71

what do SNRI's do?

Answer 71

Block reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

Question 72

what do TCA's do?

Answer 72

Inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin by the neurons

Question 73

what do MAO inhibitors do?

Answer 73

Reduces the inactivation of brain amines, such as norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, tyramine

Question 74

what is the 1st and 2nd line for depression

Answer 74

1st line is SSRI's | 2nd line is SNRI's

Question 75

What are some side effects of ECT

Answer 75

confusion, memory loss, headache, nausea.