Lecture 4 - Haematology Flashcards
(31 cards)
Causes of polycythemia (Hb)
Intrinsic disease of the bone marrow Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Congenital heart disease Congestive heart failure (CHF) Dehydration (hemoconcentration) Severe burns
S/s of polycythemia (hb)
Dizziness Arrhythmias Seizure TIA-symptoms Symptoms of MI (chest pain)
Causes of anemia (hb)
Hemorrhage (i.e. surgery, trauma, stomach ulcers) Nutritional deficiency Neoplasia Lymphoma Systemic lupus erythematosus Sarcoidosis Kidney disease Sickle cell anemia Stress to bone marrow RBC destruction Liver disease (Splenomegal
s/s anemia (hb)
Decreased endurance Decreased activity tolerance (fatigue) Orthostatic hypotension, syncope Pallor Tachycardia
Resistive exercise usually tolerated hemodynamically when Hb = ?
Resistive exercise usually tolerated hemodynamically when Hb>100 g/L
Hb=? symptoms-based approach for appropriateness of activity; collaborate with interprofessional team (regarding possible need for/timing of transfusion prior to mobilization).
< 80 g/L: symptoms-based approach for appropriateness of activity; collaborate with interprofessional team (regarding possible need for/timing of transfusion prior to mobilization).
Monitor vitals including SpO2 to predict tissue perfusion during exercises why?
May present with tachycardia and/or orthostatic hypotension.
Causes of polycythemia (ht)
Burns Eclampsia Severe Dehydration High altitude CHF Dehydration
Polycythemia s/s (ht)
Fever Headache Dizziness Weakness Fatigue Bruising/bleeding
Causes of anemia (ht)
Leukemia Multiple myeloma Pregnancy High altitude Hyperthyroid Cirrhosis Rheumatoid Arthritis Hemorrhage
s/s of anemia (ht
Pale skin Headache Dizziness Chest pain Arrhythmia Dyspnea
high or low ciritcal value of hb results in what?
High: blood clotting
Low: Cardiac failure/death
If 25-% Ht what approach toward PT?
< 25%: Symptoms-based approach when determining appropriateness for activity; collaborate with interprofessional team (regarding possible need for/timing of transfusion prior to mobilization).
Leukocytosis causes
Infection Primary bone marrow disease (leukemias or myeloproliferative neoplasm) Trauma/surgery (pain) Stress/pain Medication-induced (i.e. corticosteroids,& epinephrine) Chronic inflammation, Smoking Obesity Connective tissue disease, RA
s/s leukocytosis
Fever Malaise Lethargy Dizziness Bleeding Bruising Weight loss (unintentional) Lymphadenopathy Painful inflamed joints
causes leukopenia
Viral infections,
Some blood-borne cancers (leukemias and lymphomas)
Bone marrow suppression (chemotherapy, radiation, HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS])
Aplastic anemia
Hepatitis
s/s leukopenia
Anemia Weakness Fatigue Headache Dyspnea Fever
Leuko: when is physio contraindicated?
Physiotherapy contraindicated if count > 150,000 x 106/L : risk of low flow state in vessels (brain)
causes of thrombocytosis
Acute infection/inflammation Neoplasm/Cancer Stress/Trauma/post-surgery Hemorrhage Strenuous exercise Iron deficiency Hemolysis
s/s thrombocytosis
Weakness Headache Dizziness Chest pain Tingling in hands/feet
causes of thrombocytopenia
Viral infection Leukemia Radiation/chemotherapy Malignancy Liver disease Aplastic anemia
s/s of thrombocytopenia
Petechiae Ecchymosis Fatigue Risk for bleeding Jaundice Splenomegaly
Fall risk awareness (risk of spontaneous hemorrhage) at which thrombocytopenia?
In presence of severe thrombocytopenia (< 20,000 x106/L): Fall risk awareness (risk of spontaneous hemorrhage).
Rule of thumb for acute resp acidosis
For a 10 mm Hg increase in PaCO2, the HCO3- increases 1 mEq/L
