Lecture 4: Leadership Flashcards
UNFINISHED (17 cards)
difference between leaders and managers
Leader
•Innovates•Understands the big picture•Challenges the state of affairs•Looks for opportunities to develop strengths
1st wave of the leadership (60’s)
Leadership: Trait theories
•Differentiating leaders from non-leaders by focusing on personal qualities
•“Personality predicts leadership —who we are is how we lead” (Hogan & Kaiser, 2005, p. 169)
- also includes BIG 5 personality thaits theory
What traits contribute to leadership emergence and leadership effectiveness
Emergence: 1. Openness (.21) 2. extraversion (.3) 3. Consenseusness (.36)
Effectivness: Openness (.19) 2. extraversion (.18) 3. Consenseusness (.12)
2nd wave (the 60s to 70)
Behavioral Theories:
Failures of early trait theories led to the behavioral view–Focus on observable behavior rather than underlying traits–Is there something unique in what leaders do?
Leadership can be learned –> HR language: competency modelling
Two factors theory of leadership (2nd wave)
Ohio State Leadership Studies: “What do leaders do?”
—> about the behaviour - leadership can be learned
Findings:
1. Initiating structure (task-oriented): The extent to which a leader structures the environment for goal attainment (assigns deadlines, designs tasks)
2. Consideration (relationship-oriented): The extent to which a leader forms relationships characterized by trust, respect for employees, and regard for their feelings
How is the first wave of leadership is characterized in HR language?
KSAO
- Knowledge
- Cognitive ability
- Personality
- Creativity
How is the second wave of leadership is characterized in HR language? (+ implications)
Competency modeling–> leasrning leadership
+ Asesment centers AC/ Development center DC
3rd wave
- contingency theories
- explain more of a situational differences
- Like a Field contingency model ( about taks oriented and relationship-oriented leaders at favorable and unfavorable situations)
Field contingency model
3rd wave of leadership theories
- Relationship oriented leaders perform best in moderate or unfavorable situations
- Task-oriented leaders perform best in highly favorable situations
4th wave of leadership
- transformational and charismatic approaches
- focuses on patterns of interpersonal interactions
Implications: brief training can be introduced
The current wave of leadership
- More context-driven leadership theories
- EX: virtual teams, flexible work, self-development, international business, fraud, leader deviance
According to Kelley what 4 main qualities to be an effective follower?
- Self-management
- Commitment
- Competencies and knowledge
- Courage
The romance of the leadership ( fundamental attribution error)
- the tendency of followers to romanticize the preception of leaders
- Group performance is explained by leader traits, rather than situational factors.
The romance of leadership for study
- the study states that the performance of the company has a positive effect on perceived leaders charisma and ability ( for both males and females)
- This translates into the reward for males, but NOT females
Highlights on gender and leadership
- think crisis –> female
- think manager –> male
- this is because females are perceived as more communal, which is desirable in crisis
Leader-member exchange theory
Central principle:
- relationship development is based on reciprosity is
- the leader develops exchange relationships with their followers, and quality of that relationship determines the leader-member outcome
Leader-member exchange theory dimensions and follower’s outcomes
Leaders' actions influence 4 dimensions for followers: - contribution - affect - loyalty - profecional respect It results in followers job outcomes: - job performance - Citizenship beh - less counterproductive wb
