Lecture 4 OTHER DISEASES OF SMALL RUMINANTS Flashcards by Jen-Anne Shane Delos Santos

parasites of small rum such as Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata and Linognathus sp.

Lice (Pediculosis)
-Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata = Biting lice
-Linognathus sp. = blood sucking lice
*Clinical signs
-Blood loss
-Alopecia
-Damage to fleece
-Secondary bacterial infection
*Diagnosis
-PE
-Demonstration of lice or nits
-Plucking
-Combing (flea comb)
-Area of collection: withers, brisket, shoulders
*Treatment
-Pour on VS Spray
-Dust VS Dip

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t or f: Fenvalerate is the safest and most effective

f. Permethrins safest. Fenvalerate causes milk conntamination

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-Boophilus microplus
-Rhipicephalus sp.

are example of what parasite

ticks

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concern of ticks

-Anaplasma ovis
-Babesia ovis

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control of ticks

-Eradication is difficult
-Insecticide application 2-3 week interval
-Burning of pasture (cultivation of land)
-Biological control such as entomopathogenic
fungi, nematodes, bacteria
-Vaccines against parasite (reduces
environmental contamination)

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causes Rickettsial disease, also Spread via contaminated needles, dehorning
tools, and other surgical instruments

Anaplasmosis

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clinical signs include Pallor, dyspnea, weakness, anorexia,
depression, icterus (severe)

Anaplasmosis

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diagnosis of anaplasmosis

-Blood smear (Giemsa stain)
-Serology: ELISA, Agglutination test
-Inoculation of splenectomized goat
-Necropsy: thin, watery blood, jaundice of
tissue, enlarged liver

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tx of anaplasmosis

-Oxytetracycline:
-10mg/kg IM for 2 days (SR)
-20mg/kg 1x week for 2-4 wks (cattle)

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also called Hemoparasitic protozoan disease (B. motasi)
-Significant economic losses
-Extravascular hemolysis

Babesiosis

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Fever (41.7°C), Anorexia, Weakness,
Hemoglobinuria, Death (48hrs after onset Cs)

are clinical signs of?
what is the tx?

babesiosis

-Imidocarb-1-2mg/kg once

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caused by Psoroptes sp.
-Sheep scab
-Scaly crust on wooly area

mange

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Common in sheep
-Foot or Leg Mange
is caused by??

Chorioptes sp.

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Hyperkeratosis
-Ear mange (goat)

is caused by?

Sarcoptes sp.

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non-puritic papules and nodules develop over
the face, neck, shoulders and sides (Goats)
-nodules contain thick, waxy, grayish materials

caused by?

demodex

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tx for mange?

-Amitraz
-Ivermectin
-Demodex - No satisfactory treatment
-Incision of the nodules and painting
with tincture of iodine

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clinical signs include Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, photophobia,
keratitis, opacity, ulceration, perforation,
permanent fibrosis

Eye worm (Thelazia sp)

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-Inflammation of the cornea & conjunctiva due
to a G- bacteria (Moraxella bovis)
-Common in intensive rearing
-Flies serve as vectors

what dz is dis

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)

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-Usually acute and spread rapidly
-Photophobia, blepharospasm, excessive
lacrimation
-Rarely advances beyond a mild corneal opacity,
with ulcer & conjunctivitis
-Blindness

these clinical signs are for??

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)

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tx for IKC

-Only to those with obvious corneal involvement
-Tetracycline/Polymixin B, Penicillin,
Streptomycin, Nitrofurazone, Erythromycin
-Teramycin ointment 2-4 times a day

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dz that causes abortion?

Brucellosis
B. melitensis
B. ovis -

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causes Contagious abortion, Bangs disease
-Causes chills, weakness, lethargy, aches and
pains and headaches in humans

B. ovis

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what dz is this if the clinical signs include:
-Perinatal mortality
-Orchitis
-Epididymitis
-Still birth, weak lambs, retained placenta,
reduced milk production
-Causes autolysis of fetuses
-Secreted via milk, seminal fluid and uterine
fluid

brucellosis

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what can bbe seen during necropsy in brucellosis

-Placentitis, Necrosis of cotyledons, placental
edema
-Hemorrahgic cotyledons

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diagnosis and tx for brucellosis

*Diagnosis -ELISA, Fluorescent antibody examination -Serum agglutination tests -Microscopic examination -Brucella milk ring test (blue ring as + result) = problem in false positive result for vaccinated herd *Treatment -Not practical (better to slaughter herd/flock) -Zoonotic -Shedding

Zoonotic (concern in pregnant and or immunocompromised humans) causes: -Embryonic resorption -Mummification -Stillbirth -Weak young -Perinatal death

toxoplasmosis

diagnosis for toxoplasmosis

elisa and agglutination test

how to prevent toxoplasmosis

-Prevent exposure to cat feces -Proper disposal of aborted fetus and placenta

White foci of mineralization in cotyledons

toxoplasmosis

g - corkscrew bacteria

Campylobacter fetus

-Edematous placenta -Necrosis of cotyledon -Clinical signs will depend on age, species and host species -Zoonotic (causes GIT disturbances in humans) *Necropsy Lesions (necrosis) on the liver from an aborted fetus *Diagnosis -Culture -PCR *Treatment -clindamycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines, erythromycin and cephalosporins but some are resistant to flouroquinolones =penicillin and trimethoprim varies in effectivity what dz is this

Campylobacteriosis

aka Cheesy gland

Caseous lymphadenitis

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic contagious dz. t or f

(G+ coccobacillus) - hardy bacteria that can survive fomites for 2 months and in soil for 8 months

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

-Lymph nodes usually affected in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Submandibular, Prescapular, Prefemoral, Parotid, Inguinal, Supramammary

superficial form is for sheep while visceral form is for goat. t or f

f. baliktad

-Loss of weight (“thin ewe syndrome”) -Poor wool production -Decrease in milk production -Abscesses of LN (recurring abscess) -Laminated or onion ring lesion - No odor of purulent discharge what dz iz dis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

culture (FNAB)

treatments are effective against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. t or f

f. for culling na. zoonotic

this type of mastitis has hard udder, appears after bbirthing, no tx

Retroviral mastitis

-Contagious agalactia in sheep -Spreads via milk, urine, feces and discharges

Mycoplasma mastitis

clinical signs of mycoplasma mastitis

-Purulent mastitis & agalactia -Keratoconjunctivitis or arthritis in suckling kid or lamb -Mortalities -Associated with respiratory disease and abortion -Udder atrophy (next parturition)

tx of mycoplasma mastitis

Tetracycline -Tylosin -Fluoroquinolones -Erythromycin no satis. tx

-Gangrenous mastitis -Staphylococcus aureus-most frequent cause -penicillin resistan what dz?

Bacterial mastitis

tx for bact. mastitis

-Not practical -Bacterins given to dry animals -Acute or mild form - broad spectrum antibiotics (parenteral & intramammary)

how to prevent mastitis

“Dip each teat in a teat dip cup!”

-Aka: ketosis, twin lamb disease, hypoglycemia, lambing paralysis -Metabolic disease -Late gestation (each fetus require 30-40g of glucose/d) -Over conditioned dam (hepatic lipidosis) -Low blood glucose - Compensation (gluconeogenesis)= breakdown of fats = ketone formation

Pregnancy toxemia

clinical signs for Pregnancy toxemia

-Dull eyes -Decrease in appetite -Teeth grinding -Fine tremors -Reclines often -Listless -Aimless walking -Weakness & recumbency -Neurologic abnormalities -Metabolic acidosis -Ketone breath -Coma

tx for pregnancy toxemia

-Propylene glycol (glucose precursor): 60ml 2-3x a day -Vitamin B -Give good quality roughage -Avoid sudden change in diet -Surgery (emergency CS)

diagnosis for pregnancy toxemia

Urine Ketone - Serum BHB (betahydroxybuterate) level - Hypoglecemia not usually noted

Monitored world wide because it decreases lifetime productivity of animals -Blood screening -Lentivirus (RNA virus)– “Trojan horse strategy” *Transmission -Colostrum - Direct contact -Blood -Virus carries for life (symptomless) *Clinical signs (HAPPE) -5 Forms: -Hard udder -Arthritis -Pneumonia -Progressive weight loss -Encephalitis

CAE (Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis)

TX diagnosis and prevention of CAE

*Treatment -None -NSAIDs *Diagnosis -ELISA -Necropsy findings -PCR *Prevention -Screening 2x a year for 5 years -Proper colostrum intake of non infected herd -Cull

this dz has a lock jaw and spasm and Sawhorse stance as clinical signs

Tetanus

caused by Clostridium tetani toxin -Puncture wounds -Docking -Surgery

tetanus

tx for tetanus

Tetanus toxoid (prophylaxis) -Aseptic surgical condition -Tetanus antitoxin (treatment) -Penicillin -Broad spectrum antibiotic -Diazepam: 0.5-1.5mg/kg IV to effect

etiologic agents for scrapie

-Prion – Proteinase resistant protein -Virino – Hybrid particle (non translated nucleic acid) -Resistant

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE) -Fatal neurologic disease

scrapie

CS, tx, and diagnosis for scrapie

Clinical signs -Behavioral changes -Rabbit hopping -Incoordination -Ataxia -Tremors -Intense pruritus -PD/PU *Diagnosis -Cs and microscopic examination of CNS -Immunoblotting -Electron microscopy -Prevalence is unknown *Treatment -None -Zoonotic

aka orf. what dz?

sore mouth

in Goat: Contagious pustular dermatitis in Sheep: Contagious ecthyma, Scabby mouth t or f?

caused by Pox (Parapox virus)

sore mouth

sore mouth is not self limiting

f. Self limiting (1-4 weeks) - scabs fall off

Lecture 4 OTHER DISEASES OF SMALL RUMINANTS Flashcards

(62 cards)