Lecture 4: Reg Metabolic Flux Flashcards
metabolic pathways include…
linked enzymatic reactions that share reactants and products
Metabolic Flux…
the rate at which metabolites are converted between reactants and products
hormones that regulate metabolic flux
glucagon
epi
insulin
why do organisms need a CONSTANT input of energy?
in order to maintain homeostats, a condition FAR FROM EQILIBRIUM
Linear pathways
each reaction generates only a single product
product is reactant for next reaction in the pathway
forked pathways
gnerate TWO produts
each product has a differnt metabolic fate
cyclic pathways
contain a number of metabolites that regenerate during each turn of the cycle
easy way to tell if something is an enzyme?
ends in ASE
hierarchy of metabolism
4 macromolecule classes (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbs)
6 primary metabolite groups
7 small biomolecules
6 primary metabolite groups
amino acids nucleotides fatty acids glucose pyruvate acetyl CoA aid in synth and degredation
7 small biomolecules
NH4+ CO2 NADH FADH2 O2 ATP H2O all are energy currency
2 things that determine the flux of metabolites (through anabolic and catabolic pathways)
- Avaliability of substrates (diet/stored reserves)
- Level of enzyme activity
a. enzyme levels (gene transcription/protein synth)
b. catalytic activity (allosteric control/covalent mod)
c. compartmentation (subcellular/tissue localization
Flux ex 1 : If we had a steady state of molecular flow, and then we limit a molecule at the beginning of the pathway, what happens to the later moleculess?
their production decreases too
Flux ex 1 : If we had a steady state of molecular flow, and then we eliminate an enzyme in the middle of the pathway, what will happen to the earlier molecules?
The conc of the earlier molecs will increase too (assuming the reactions can go both ways)
Liver cells BEFORE breakfast
higher [GLUCAGON] than [insulin].
Glycogen degredation gluconeogenesis of pyruvate makes more glucose that cell can use
