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Anatomy I Test 5 > Lecture 45 - Thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 45 - Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Lower limb is specialized for

A

locomotion and weight bearing

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2
Q

4 parts of lower limb:

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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3
Q

femur facts

A

• Femur is directed inferomedially
• Longest and heaviest bone
• about ¼ of a persons height
• Consist of a proximal and a distal epiphysis, a neck and a shaft
• Proximal epiphysis
Head - projects superomedially and slightly anteriorly
• Articulates with the acetabulum
• Head connected to the shaft through the neck at about 126 degree angle - angle of inclination
•Angle widest at birth (140 degrees) and diminishes with age (narrowest in old age - 110 degrees).
• Angle less in females than males because females have wider hips
•Other features:
Greater and lesser trochanters
Intertrochanteric line anteriorly
intertrochanteric crest posteriorly
linea aspera
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Medial and lateral condyles
Intercondylar fossa
Popliteal surface

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4
Q

superficial fascia of thigh

A

• Lies deep to the skin
• Continuous with the abdominal fascia
• In the thigh contains considerable amount of fat
-Nerves in this area: Subcostal (T12); Iliohypogastric (L1); ilioinguinal (L1); genitofemoral (L1-L2); lateralfemoral cutaneous (L2-L3); femoral (L2-L4); Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5); Obturator (L2-L4); Accessory Obturator (L3-L4)

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5
Q

Subcostal levels

A

(T12);

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6
Q

Iliohypogastric levels

A

(L1);

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7
Q

ilioinguinal levels

A

(L1);

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8
Q

genitofemoral levels

A

-(L1-L2);

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9
Q

lateralfemoral cutaneous levels

A

(L2-L3);

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10
Q

femoral levels

A

(L2-L4);

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11
Q

Lumbosacral trunk levels

A

(L4-L5);

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12
Q

Obturator levels

A

(L2-L4);

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13
Q

Accessory Obturator levels

A

(L3-L4)

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14
Q

Genital branches of the genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves supply?

A

-cutaneous nerves
• emerge from the superficial ring to supply the proximal medial thigh
• Most of the branches go to the genital region

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15
Q

Femoral branch of genitofemoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin over the femoral triangle (proximal part of the anterior thigh)

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16
Q

Medial cutaneous branch of femoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin of the medial thigh

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17
Q

Intermediate cutaneous branch of femoral

A

-cutaneous nerves

• Supplies the skin of the distal anterior thigh

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18
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

-cutaneous nerves
L2-L3
• Enters the thigh medial to ASIS
• Supplies the lateral thigh, lateral to the intermediate cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve

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19
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A

-cutaneous nerves
-S1-S3
• Supplies the posterior thigh and popliteal region
• Originates from the sacral plexus
• Courses inferiorly into the thigh from the gluteal region

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20
Q

Superficial vessels are where?

A

Lie in the superficial fascia, immediately below the skin

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21
Q

Superficial epigastric a

A
  • from proximal part of femoral a

- Proceeds superiorly to provide the skin over the lower abdominal wall

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22
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac a

A
  • from proximal part of femoral a
  • Proceeds laterally inferior to the inguinal ligament
  • Parallels the course of the deep circumflex iliac a
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23
Q

Superficial external pudendal a

A

-from proximal part of femoral a

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24
Q

Deep external pudendal a

A

-from proximal part of femoral a

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25
Great saphenous v
* Begins in the foot and ascends to its termination at the proximal part of the thigh * Located in the superficial fascia * Has valves; more numerous in the leg * Enters the thigh by passing posterior to the medial condyle of the femur * Traverses the saphenous opening in the fascia lata to empty into the femoral vein * Receives numerous tributaries in the thigh and the leg
26
Deep fascia (Fascia lata) function and what is it?
* Prevents bulging of muscles * A dense layer of connective tissue between the muscles of the thigh and the superficial fascia * It is very strong along the anterior and lateral parts of the thigh
27
Iliotibial tract (band) is made from what?
thickening of the deep fascia (Fascia lata)
28
Fascia lata attachments
SUPERIORLY: • Inguinal ligament • Parts of the hip bone (Pubic bone, iliac crest, Ischial tuberosity) • Sacrum and coccyx • Scarpa’s fascia and the sacrotuberous ligament INFERIORLY: knee joint it is continuous with the crural fascia
29
what divides the thigh into compartments?
``` Deep fascia (Facia lata) -lateral, medial, posterior intermuscular septa -all attach commn point at the linea aspera (ant medial post compartments) ```
30
Anterior compartment muscles
- Flexors of the hip and extensors of the knee - Nerve of the compartment=Femoral Nerve 1. Sartorius m 2. rectus femoris m 3. vastus lateralis m 4. vastus medialis m 5. vastus intermedius m 6. articularis genu m 7. psoas major m 8. iliacus m 9. tensor fascia latae m
31
Sartorius m
- Anterior compartment muscle - ASIS --> medial side of tibia - Supplied by femoral n - crosses hip and knee joints (actions on those joint)
32
rectus femoris m
- Anterior compartment muscle - Quadriceps femoris - Anterior inferior iliac spine - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity - Supplied by femoral n
33
vastus lateralis m
- Anterior compartment muscle - Quadriceps femoris - linea aspera - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity - Supplied by femoral n
34
vastus intermedius m
- Anterior compartment muscle - Quadriceps femoris - body of femur - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity - Supplied by femoral n
35
articularis genu m
- Anterior compartment muscle - Anterior part of the femur – synovial membrane of knee - not much function with this guy --> pulls up on synovial membrane so it doesnt get caught up in knee actions - Supplied by femoral n
36
psoas major m
- Anterior compartment muscle - iliopsoas - Lumbar vertebrae – Lesser trochanter of femur - Supplied by femoral n
37
liacus m
- Anterior compartment muscle - iliopsoas - Iliac crest and fossa – Leser trochanter of femur - Supplied by femoral n
38
tensor fascia latae m
-Anterior compartment muscle -Anterior superior iliac spine – iliotibial tract -Supplied by femoral n
39
vastus medialis m
- Anterior compartment muscle - Quadriceps femoris - linea aspera - tendon attaches to patella and patellar ligament goes from patella to tibial tuberosity - Supplied by femoral n
40
Medial Compartment muscles
- Adductor group - Nerve of the compartment=Obturator nerve 1. pectineus m 2. adductor longus m 3. adductor brevis m 4. adductor magnus m (adductor parts & hamstring part) 5. gracilis m 6. obturator externus m
41
obturator externus m
- Medial Compartment muscle - Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane – Trochanteric fossa of femur - innervated by obturator n
42
gracilis m
- Medial Compartment muscle - inferior ramus of pubis – superior part of medial surface of tibia - innervated by obturator n
43
adductor magnus m
- Medial Compartment muscle 1. Adductor part: - Ischiopubic ramus – linea aspera - supplied by obturator nerve 2. Hamstring part: - Ischial tuberosity – adductor tubercle of femur - supplied by Tibial nerve
44
adductor brevis m
- Medial Compartment muscle - inferior ramus of pubic bone – linea aspera - innervated by obturator n
45
adductor longus m
- Medial Compartment muscle - body of pubic bone – linea aspera - innervated by obturator n
46
pectineus m
- Medial Compartment muscle - Superior ramus of pubis – pectineal line of femur * *-Innervated by femoral and obturator nerves**
47
Posterior compartment muscles
- Hamstring muscles (except the short head of biceps femoris) - Act on two joints – extend hip and flex knee - Originate from Ischial Tuberosity - Nerve of compartment - Tibial nerve 1. biceps femoris m (long and short head) 2. semitendinosus m 3. semimembranosus m
48
biceps femoris m
- Posterior compartment muscle 1. Long head: - Ischial tuberosity – Fibular head - Innervated by tibial nerve 2. Short head: - Linea aspera – Fibular head - nnervated by the common peroneal nerve
49
semitendinosus m
- Posterior compartment muscle | - Ischial tuberosity – Medial surface of upper tibia
50
semimembranosus m
- Posterior compartment muscle | - Ischial tuberosity – medial tibial condyle
51
Femoral Triangle boundaries:
* Superior - inguinal ligament * Medial - medial border of adductor longs * Lateral - medial border of sartorial * Base – inguinal ligament * Apex - where the sartorius crosses the adductor longs * Roof - fascia lata * Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus muscles
52
Femoral Triangle contents
* femoral artery and branches * femoral vein and branches * femoral nerve and branches * lymphatic vessels and nodes * Femoral sheath -Funnel-shaped fascial tube; 3 compartments: Lateral; Intermediate; Medial – femoral canal
53
Adductor canal (Subsartorial, Hunter’s canal)
* About 15 cm long | * Extend from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus in the adductor magnus muscle
54
Adductor canal -boundaries and contents:
a. Boundaries • Anteromedial - sartorius • Lateral - vastus medialis • Posterior - adductor longus and magnus b. Contents • femoral artery (lateral side) and vein (medial side) • Saphenous nerve (femoral branch - sensory) • Nerve to vastus medialis (branch of femoral - motor)
55
Femoral nerve
- (L2, L3, L4) - The largest branch of the lumbar plexus - Travels deep to the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle - Unlike the femoral artery and vein it is not enclosed by the femoral sheath - Lies lateral to the femoral artery - Breaks up into sensory and motor branches while still in the triangle
56
femoral Sensory branches
* Medial femoral cutaneous nerve * Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve * Saphenous nerve: Travels through the adductor canal; It leaves the canal at its lower end to innervate the skin of the leg and foot
57
femoral Motor branches to muscles:
* Sartorius * Quadriceps femoris * Articularis genu * Pectineus - This muscle also gets a branch from the obturator nerve
58
Obturator nerve
- Divides into an anterior and a posterior division in the obturator foramen 1. Anterior division - Located between adductor longus and brevis - Supplies adductor longus, gracilis, adductor brevis and part of pectineus 2. Posterior division - Located between adductor brevis and magnus - Supplies obturator externus, adductor brevis and adductor magnus
59
Femoral a
- Continuation of the external iliac artery - Enters the thigh by passing below the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral vein - gives of the profunda (or deep) femoral a (largest branch)--> branches into lateral and medial femoral circumlfex= these anastamose - goes through adductor canal - last branch before crossing the knee is the descending genicular (genicular=knee) - goes through adductor hiatus and ends up behind the knee joint
60
nerve that sometimes passes through the piriformis muscle:
common peroneal?
61
the plexeses are all from the
ventral rami
62
sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus form the:
s insirinus???? SP!! -- looks like a birds foot or something weird like that
63
transversalis fascia of abdomen forms sheeth around
- femoral artery and vein and femoral canal (sometimes has lymphatics) - NOT THE NERVE
64
adductor brevis muscle has what nerve passing anteriorly and posteriorly?
the obturator nerve splits to pass ant and posteriorly
65
profunda femoral a branches
- later and medial femoral circumflex--> anastamose together - ascending descending (ends in the knee joint) and transverse branches - 4 perforating branches = supply BACK of the thing
66
what artery supplies the back of the thigh?
-4 perforating branches = supply BACK of the thing

Anatomy I Test 5 (6 decks)

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