Lecture 5

Question 1

Usually uses correlation statistics

Answer 1

Exploratory Research

Question 2

Describes characteristics of groups of people or other phenomena.

Answer 2

Descriptive Research

Question 3

Cohort study

Answer 3

Exploratory Research

Question 4

as the quality of the evidence increase, the amount of evidence will …

Answer 4

Decrease

Question 5

In Cohort study, participants are divided according to the …

Answer 5

Exposed and Unexposed

Question 6

In case control, we start with …

Answer 6

The disease (Outcome)

Question 7

Which study that Not randomly selected ?

Answer 7

Cohort

Question 8

Which type of cohort study more expensive and consuming time ?

Answer 8

Prospective cohort study

Question 9

Which type of study that measure the causation?

Answer 9

RCTs

Question 10

The cohort study measures …

Answer 10

The incidence of disease or outcomes

Question 11

Which type of bias can occur in cohort studies?

Answer 11

1- Selection bias
2- Misclassification on exposure
3- Confounder

Question 12

The Case-Control Studies always …

Answer 12

retrospective

Question 13

Case-Control Studies measure …

Answer 13

The prevalence: measure of disease frequency

Question 14

What are the Three Qualities Needed to selected of controls ?

Answer 14

1- The Comparability of controls
2- The control should be at risk of the disease
3- The control should resemble the case in all respects Except for the presence of disease.

Question 15

Which type of bias can occur in Case-Control studies ?

Answer 15

1- Selection bias
2- Observation bias
3- Recall bias

Question 16

Which type of study that examine effect of a single exposure ?

Answer 16

Cohort study

Question 17

Which type of study that Used for rare diseases ?

Answer 17

Case-control study

Question 18

Which type of study that Used for rare exposure ?

Answer 18

Cohort study

Question 19

Which type of study that Only study one disease and examine multiple exposures ?

Answer 19

Case-control study

Question 20

A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment.

Answer 20

Case Series (clinical series)

Question 21

In which type of study the outcomes can’t be generalized, can’t prove effectiveness and cannot prove cause and effect ?

Answer 21

Case reports

Question 22

Independent variables is (1-…) and the Outcome/dependent variable is (2-…)

Answer 22

1- Predictors

2- Criterion

Question 23

When the model considered pretty good model ?

Answer 23

If the model explains more than 60% of the variance

Question 24

Was the study time frame long enough to capture the outcome? How long was the follow-up?
Ask to Know what ?

Answer 24

The Internal Validity: Appraise the Dependent Variable (outcomes) Being Studied

Question 25

sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach

Answer 25

Convenience Sample

Question 26

“first come, first chosen”

Answer 26

Consecutive Sample

Question 27

Single site or multi-site?

Answer 27

Internal Validity: Sample Selection

Question 28

Were the individuals collecting the outcome measures blinded to the status of the prognostic factors in each subject?

Answer 28

Internal Validity: Bias

Question 29

Are the outcome measures reliable ?

Answer 29

Internal Validity: Appraise the Independent Variables Being Studied

Question 30

Which type of studies is highest of valid?

Answer 30

RCTs