Lecture 5

Question 1

Which viral genome is synthesized by RNA Pol II?

Answer 1

Hepatitis Delta Virus genome RNA (HDV)

Question 2

Which viral genome is synthesized by RNA pol III?

Answer 2

Adenovirus Type II VA-RNAs, Epstein Barr Virus EBER RNAs

Question 3

How many base pairs are core promoter?

Answer 3

20-35

Question 4

How many base pairs are local regulatory sequences?

Answer 4

1x10^2 - 5x10^2

Question 5

How many base pairs are distant regulatory sequences?

Answer 5

1x10^2 - 10^4

Question 6

What are the distant regulatory sequences independent of?

Answer 6

Position and orientation

Question 7

What are the core promoter elements?

Answer 7

Initiator sequence and TATA sequence

Question 8

What are the distant regulatory elements?

Answer 8

Enhancers, silencers

Question 9

What consist of the promoter?

Answer 9

Core promoter elements and local regulatory sequences

Question 10

What consist of the transcriptional control region?

Answer 10

Core promoter + Local and distant regulatory sequences

Question 11

A property of co-activators

Answer 11

They do not bind DNA but can modulate transcription

Question 12

What is the origin of transcriptional components for poxvirus?

Answer 12

Viral

Question 13

What is the origin of transcriptional components for simple retroviruses?

Answer 13

Host

Question 14

What is the origin of transcriptional components for complex retroviruses, papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses, and parvoviruses?

Answer 14

Host + One viral protein that regulates transcription

Question 15

What is the origin of transcriptional components for bacteriophage T3 and T7?

Answer 15

Host + One viral protein that transcribes late genes

Question 16

What is the origin of transcriptional components for bacteriophage T4, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses?

Answer 16

Host + Several viral proteins that act sequentially to stimulate transcription of particular set of viral genes

Question 17

What happens in a transcriptional cascade?

Answer 17

Transcriptional units are activated in a fixed sequence

Question 18

What do positive autoregulatory loops do?

Answer 18

Alter the rate of transcription initiation, viral proteins stimulate transcription

Question 19

What do negative autoregulatory loops do?

Answer 19

Repress gene expression

Question 20

What are some autoregulatory viral transcriptional activators?

Answer 20

HSV ICP4, SV40 T

Question 21

What are some viral transcriptional activators that bind DNA?

Answer 21

ICP4, T, E2, and EBNA

Question 22

What are some viral transcriptional activators that bind host proteins?

Answer 22

HSV VP16

Question 23

What are some viral transcriptional activators that liberate host TAs?

Answer 23

E1A, E7, T

Question 24

When is the capping enzyme added?

Answer 24

When the RNA pol II C terminal domain is phosphorylated (After incorporation of 20-30NT)

Question 25

What sequence does the poly(A) addition site have?

Answer 25

AAUAAA

Question 25

What is the sequence of the site next to the poly(A) addition site?

Answer 25

GU/U

Question 26

What protein binds to the poly(A) addition site?

Answer 26

Cpsf

Question 27

What protein binds to the GU/U site?

Answer 27

Cstf

Question 28

What proteins bind between Cpsf and Cstf?

Answer 28

CfI and cfII

Question 29

When does the cleavage of the mRNA occur?

Answer 29

After the addition of poly(A) polymerase alongside CfI and CfII

Question 30

What protein is at the 5'P end of Cstf following cleavage?

Answer 30

CfII

Question 31

What protein is at the 3'-OH end of Cpsf following cleavage?

Answer 31

Poly (A) polymerase + CfI

Question 32

What protein is responsible for slow polyadenylation?

Answer 32

Poly(A) polymerase

Question 33

What protein is responsible for rapid polyadenylation?

Answer 33

PabII

Question 34

What happens to GU/U sequence after cleavage and dissociation of Cstf protein?

Answer 34

Degradation

Question 35

When is ATP used in polyadenylation and cleavage?

Answer 35

During slow and rapid polyadenylation

Question 36

How many A's are added in polyadenylation

Answer 36

~200

Question 37

How many transesterification reactions happen during splicing?

Answer 37

Two

Question 38

What are the two kinds of splicing?

Answer 38

Constitutive and alternative

Question 39

What are the methods of alternative splicing?

Answer 39

1. Exon skipping 2. Alternative 5' splice site 3. Alternative 3' splice site

Question 40

What are the roles of alternative splicing?

Answer 40

It adds value as: It creates new functional genes. Coding information of a small DNA genome is expanded. Regulates gene expression.