Lecture 5

Question 1

How much energy is released when ATP is convered to ADP

Answer 1

approx. 20kbT

Question 2

What is the sole carbon source mentioned for protein biosynthesis in E. coli cells?

Answer 2

Glucose

Question 3

How many carbon atoms are present in one molecule of glucose?

Answer 3

6

Question 4

Approximately how many glucose molecules are needed by an E. coli cell just to construct itself

Answer 4

2 x 10^9

Question 5

To which major metabolic pathway are the amino acid synthesis pathways connected

Answer 5

Glycolytic pathway

Question 6

What is the average energetic cost (in ATP equivalents) to synthesize one amino acid aerobically?

Answer 6

1.2 ATP equivalents

Question 7

What is the average energetic cost (in ATP equivalents) to synthesize one amino acid anaerobically?

Answer 7

4.7 ATP equivalents

Question 8

Does it cost more ATP to synthesize an amino acid aerobically or anaerobically?

Answer 8

Anaerobically

Question 9

How many ATP equivalents are required to form peptide bonds when building a protein from amino acids?

Answer 9

4 ATP

Question 10

hat molecule carries one codon and has a length of 73-93 nucleotides, and is involved in attaching amino acids during protein synthesis?

Answer 10

tRNA

Question 11

What cellular machinery’s movement is powered during the process of building a protein from amino acids?

Answer 11

Ribosome

Question 12

hat is the primary carbon source for protein biosynthesis in E. coli, and what is the energetic cost to synthesize a single amino acid under aerobic conditions

Answer 12

Glucose; 1.2 ATP equivalents

Question 13

ame a metabolic pathway connected to amino acid synthesis, and how many ATP equivalents are needed to form peptide bonds during protein synthesis?

Answer 13

Glycolytic pathway; 4 ATP equivalents

Question 14

What is the total ATP equivalent cost to build a protein per amino acid

Answer 14

5.2 ATP

Question 15

Calculate the total ATP cost for an entire E. coli cell to build proteins, given that there are 300 x 3 x 10⁶ amino acids.

Answer 15

4.5 x 10^9 ATP

Question 16

what is the range of ATP molecules required to synthesize one nucleotide?

Answer 16

10-20 ATP

Question 17

What is the approximate cost of assembling nucleotides into polymers compared to the cost of synthesizing individual nucleotides?

Answer 17

Small 10%

Question 18

Under ideal growing conditions, how many ATP molecules can one glucose molecule generate, and what is the waste product?

Answer 18

30 ATP;CO2

Question 19

What is the total ATP cost estimated for building an E. coli cell?

Answer 19

10^11 ATP

Question 20

Approximately how many glucose molecules are required to build an E. coli cell under ideal conditions?

Answer 20

6 x 10⁹ glucose molecules

Question 21

Under less efficient growth conditions, how much higher can the glucose requirement for building an E. coli cell be compared to ideal conditions?

Answer 21

Up to 10-fold higher

Question 22

Under ideal conditions, the glucose requirement mentioned represents what fraction of the total material needed to build an E. coli cell?

Answer 22

1/3