Lecture 5 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the three ethical theories?
Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue Ethics.
What are the three CSR theories?
Stakeholder theory, corporate-citizen approach, market-failures approach.
What are the three justice principles?
Liberty, utility, desert.
What are the two theories of Douglas MacGregor?
Theory X.
What is Theory X about?
Theory X says that employees with extrinsic motivation, who dislike work, need top-down direction and autocratic leadership.
What does Theory Ypsilon say?
Theory Ypsilon says that employees with intrinsic motivation, who like work, need room for autonomy and development, and democratic leadership.
What are the three views on the meaning of work?
The only meaning of work lies in getting paid.
The only meaning of work lies in enjoying yourself.
The meaning of work heavily depends on the company you work for.
What do the three ethical theories say about meaning at work?
- Consequentialism says that meaningful jobs are those that generate good consequences.
- Deontology says that meaning on the job arises when you act with integrity and respect ethical principles.
- Virtue ethics says that meaning on the job arises to the extent to which companies enable you to develop yourself.
What are the two philosophical viewings on meaning?
Subjective and objective.
What do objectivists say about meaning?
They say that meaning lies in whatever people find meaningful.
What does the objectivist say about meaning?
Objectivists disagree with subjectivists. They say that something is not meaningful merely because people find it meaningful, since people can also find meaning in immoral and worthless things.
What does Susan Wolf say about meaning?
There are two views on meaning—the subjectivist and objectivist—and Susan Wolf takes a hybrid approach. She combines both and says that meaning arises when you actively engage with things that are worthwhile.
What does the Japanese notion of ikigai refer to?
It refers to the intersection between what you are good at, what you love to do, what the world needs, and what you can be paid for.
Finding activity itself worthwhile is which view of meaning?
Subjective and process.
Finding impact worthwhile is which view of meaning?
Objective and outcome.
According to David Graeber, which jobs are entirely pointless?
Flunkies, goons, duct tapers, box tickers, taskmasters.
What are flunkies doing?
Making superiors feel important.
What are goons doing?
Harming and deceiving others on behalf of their employers.
What are the duct tapers doing?
Temporarily fixing problems that could be fixed permanently.
What are the box tickers doing?
Holding up the appearance that something is useful when it is not.
What are the taskmasters doing?
Creating extra work for those who do not need it.
What are bullshit jobs and shit jobs?
Bullshit jobs are often well paid and come with status but lack actual social value.
Shit jobs are the opposite: they are socially valuable but often involve hard labour without much status or pay.
