Lecture 5 Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is Achlasia
Motility disorders of oesophagus
What does achalasia cause
Dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss
When is achalasia seen
Post weaning with introduction of food
What is cricopharyngeal achalasia
Upper oesophageal sphincter disorder
what is Megaoesophagus (oesophageal ectasia)
Dilation due to insufficient or uncoordinated peristalsis. It can be congenital or acquired
Where is congenital megaoesphagus
Persistent R forth aortic arch (vascular ring anomaly)
- Aorta, pulmonary artery and ductus arterioles
What is congenital megaoesphagus
Obstruction and dilation cranial to the heart
What is Idiopathic Denervation, Myasthenia gravis
Dilation cranial to stomach
Megaoesophagus: acquired megaoesophagus causes
- Idiopathic denervation
- Polymyositis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Hypothyroidism
- Lead poisoning
- Peripheral neuropathies
- Oesophagitis
- Recurrent gastric dilation
- Breed predilection
Name the oesophageal parasites
- Gongylonema (nematodes)
- Gasterophilus (fly larvae)
- Hypoderma lineatum (warble fly larvae)
- Spirocerca lupi (nematodes)
List some disorders of the ruminant forestomach
- Bloat
- Foreign bodies
- Ruminal acidosis
- Rumenitis
- Traumatic reticulitis
Define bloat
Overdistension of rumen and reticulum by fermentation gases
Define frothy bloat (primary tympany)
Fermentation gases trapped in stable foam: not readily educated
What gives pasture bloat
Legumes: clover, alfalfa
What gives feedlot bloat
Fine ground grain, bacterial slime
What is a free gas bloat (secondary tympany)
Animal is unable to eructate free gas in rumen
What are some examples of free gas bloat
Partial obstruction of oesophagus
Altered rumenoreticular motility
Posture
What are the clinical signs of bloat (ruminal tympany)
- Distended left paralumbar fossa
- Distended abdomen
- Increased respiratory and heart rates
- Dyspnea
- Sudden death
What does engorgement of carbohydrates lead do
Ruminal acidosis as it is highly fermentable, CHO rich feed
What necropsy findings would there be if there is a carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis
- Water, acidic ruminal and intestinal contents
- Large amount of grain in rumen
- Mucosa of ruminal papillae brown, friable, sloughs
What histopathology findings would there be if there is a carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis
- Ruminal epithelium is damaged
- Hydropic changes
- Coagulative necrosis
- Influx of neutrophils
What is seen in an animal with lactic acidosis
Pale stellate scars on ruminal mucosa
What is bacterial rumenitis
Secondary to acidosis/mechanical rumen injury
Bacteria often migrates via portal circulation to liver (hepatic abscesses)
What is the bacteria in bacterial rumenitis
- Fusobacterium necrophorum
- Truperella progenes
