Lecture 5 - Bandura Et Al.

Question 1

When and where was Albert Bandura born?

Answer 1

December 4, 1925, in Mundare, Northern Alberta, Canada.

Question 2

What degree did Albert Bandura earn in 1952, and from which university?

Answer 2

PhD in Psychology from the University of Iowa.

Question 2

In what year did Albert Bandura become the president of the American Psychological Association (APA)?

Answer 2

1974.

Question 3

What significant award did Bandura receive in 2004?

Answer 3

The Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to Psychology Award from the American Psychological Association.

Question 4

What is Social Learning Theory?

Answer 4

It proposes that learning occurs through observation and imitation of others, rather than only through direct experience.

Question 5

What does the concept of “Reciprocal Determinism” mean?

Answer 5

It suggests that a person’s behavior is influenced by personal factors, the environment, and behavior itself, all interacting with each other.

Question 6

How does Bandura’s Social Learning Theory differ from traditional behaviorism?

Answer 6

Unlike behaviorism, which focuses on direct stimulus-response associations, Bandura emphasized learning through observation and imitation.

Question 7

What was the main research question of Bandura’s Bobo Doll Study?

Answer 7

Can children learn aggressive behavior through imitation, and does gender matter?

Question 8

What was the key hypothesis tested in the Bobo Doll Study?

Answer 8

Children who observe aggressive adult models will imitate aggression, and they will imitate same-sex models more than opposite-sex models.

Question 9

How many children participated in the Bobo Doll Study, and what were their age ranges?

Answer 9

72 children, ages 3 to 6 (mean age = 52 months).

Question 10

What were the two main conditions in the Bobo Doll study?

Answer 10

Aggressive model condition and non-aggressive model condition.

Question 11

What behavior did the aggressive model exhibit in the study?

Answer 11

The model displayed aggressive behaviors towards the Bobo doll, such as punching, kicking, and hitting it with a mallet.

Question 12

What did the children do after observing the model in the Bobo Doll Study?

Answer 12

The children were observed for 20 minutes in a room filled with toys, and their behavior was coded for imitative aggression (e.g., hitting the Bobo doll) and non-imitative aggression.

Question 13

What was the main finding regarding children in the aggressive model condition?

Answer 13

Children in the aggressive model condition were more likely to imitate aggressive behaviors (both physical and verbal) towards the Bobo doll.

Question 14

Was the hypothesis that children would imitate same-sex models supported?

Answer 14

Yes, children were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior from same-sex models.

Question 15

Which gender imitated aggression more in the study?

Answer 15

Boys imitated aggression more than girls, especially with a male model.

Question 16

What is a criticism regarding the ecological validity of the Bobo Doll Study?

Answer 16

The study was conducted in a lab, which may not reflect real-world scenarios of aggression, thus limiting its generalizability.

Question 17

Why is the sample in the Bobo Doll Study considered biased?

Answer 17

The sample consisted mainly of children from a Stanford nursery, which may not represent children from different cultural or socioeconomic backgrounds.

Question 18

What ethical concerns arose from the Bobo Doll Study?

Answer 18

Ethical concerns include the intentional mild aggression arousal (frustrating children) and the potential long-term effects of teaching aggression.

Question 19

How has Bandura’s Social Learning Theory been applied in the understanding of media violence?

Answer 19

Bandura’s work laid the foundation for studies examining how exposure to violent media (TV, video games) can influence aggression in children and adolescents.

Question 20

How has Bandura’s theory influenced therapy practices?

Answer 20

His work contributed to the development of modeling therapy, where individuals learn to overcome fears by observing others who have successfully managed those fears.

Question 21

What is an example of a violence reduction program influenced by Bandura’s work?

Answer 21

Peer mediation and conflict resolution programs in schools are examples of violence reduction strategies based on social learning principles.

Question 22

What did Bandura’s 1963 study investigate about the effects of media on aggression?

Answer 22

It examined the impact of live, filmed, and cartoon models on children’s aggression, finding that exposure to violent media could increase aggressive behavior.

Question 23

What did the Bushman (2012) study find about media violence?

Answer 23

Aggression after watching media violence is more likely if the viewer actively identifies with the character and sees the violent behavior rewarded.

Question 24

What is one criticism of the studies linking media violence to aggression, according to Ferguson & Kilburn (2010)?

Answer 24

They argue that the effect size of media violence on aggression is very weak, with many studies showing only a minor impact on aggression.

Question 25

How does Bandura's Social Learning Theory explain the influence of violent media on children?

Answer 25

How does Bandura's Social Learning Theory explain the influence of violent media on children?

Question 26

What is the impact of video games on aggression, according to the Anderson et al. (2010) review?

Answer 26

The review found a strong link between playing violent video games and an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in altruism and empathy.

Question 27

How has Kühn et al. (2019) study challenged earlier findings on video games and aggression?

Answer 27

They found no significant differences between playing violent video games (e.g., GTA) and non-violent ones (e.g., Sims 3), challenging earlier research linking violent video games to increased aggression.

Question 28

What is modeling therapy, and how does it relate to Bandura’s work?

Answer 28

Modeling therapy involves individuals observing someone else conquer their fears and then imitating those actions to overcome their own fears, a technique influenced by Bandura’s work on observational learning.

Question 29

How did Bandura’s work shape the understanding of violence in schools?

Answer 29

His research inspired programs focused on conflict resolution and peer mediation, aiming to reduce violence through modeling positive behaviors.

Question 30

What legacy did Bandura leave in the field of social learning and psychology?

Answer 30

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory continues to be foundational in fields such as media studies, child development, therapy, and violence prevention programs.