Lecture 5 - Congential Heart Defects Flashcards
(114 cards)
What are congenital heart defects?
Structural abnormalities of the heart that are normally present at birth and affect the blood flow through the heart and to the rest of the body
When do congenital heart defects occur?
During embryogenesis and foetal growth
What is the septa?
Separates the chambers and great vessels
What do valves allow?
Unidirectional flow of blood through the heart and vessels
What are the great veins?
Vena cava and pulmonary veins
What are the ventricles?
Pumping chambers
What is the atria?
The collecting chambers
What is the left ventricle connected to?
Aorta
What is the right ventricle connected to?
Pulmonary trunk
Where does deoxygenated blood enter?
Right atrium
Where does oxygenated blood enter?
Left atrium
What does most congenital heart defects result in mixing?
Deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood
What is the heart composed of?
A thick layer of cardiac muscle called myocardium
What are individual cells in the myocardium called?
Cardiomyocytes
What is the layer of cells called inside the heart?
Endocardium
What structures does the endocardium form?
Cushions which are precursors of the valves and the septa
What are the great arteries coated in?
Smooth muscle for muscular support
What are neural crest cells essential for?
Outflow tract cushions - come from outside the heart and migrate down into the heart and contribute to its development
What is the heart coated with?
A single cell layer called epicardium
What is the heart enclosed in?
The pericardium - a sac
What is cardiovascular development divided into?
Embryonic stage and foetal stage
What happens in the embryonic stage?
All organs are forming and cells are differentiating, in humans this lasts 8 weeks
What is the foetal stage?
Is mostly growth lasts 32 weeks, maturing of certain structures
What happens mid way through the embryonic stage?
The heart starts it form