Lecture 5 Emotions (anxiety & agression) Flashcards
(28 cards)
Emotion (definition by Lazarus)
an organized psychophysiological reaction to
ongoing relationships with the
environment, most often, but not often interpersonal or social.
What are physiological emotional reactions?
- heart rate
- blood pressure
- skin temperature
- changes in the CNS
Anxieyt (def.)
A negative emotional state with feelings of nervousness, worry and apprehension associated with activation or arousal of the body
What are physiological emotional reactions?
expressions of emotions through facial expressions, gestures, voice etc.
State-Trait anxiety theory
Trait anxiety: disposition that causes individuals to perceive non-threatening circumstances as threatening
State anxiety: feelings of tension and anxiety that fluctutate depending upon the situation
What are effects of anxiety?
- muscle tensions
- coordination difficulties
- narrowing of attentional focus
Inverted U (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908)
increase of arousal will increase performance up to optimal point then further increases cause drop in performance.
Catastrophe theory (Hardy & Fazey, 1987)
Passing optimal arousal results in dramatic and catastrophic drop in performance
Individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF) Theory (Hanin, 1980)
- each athlete will have an optimal zone of arousal
- outside of this zone poor performance will occur.
Reversal theory (Smith & Apter, 1975; Kerr, 1985)
How anxiety affects performance is a question of cognitive interpretation.
How can I observe anxiety (physiological)?
- sweating
- increase of heart and breathing rate
- muscle tension
- turnin red or pale in the face
- shaking
- irritated stomach
How can I observe anxiety (behavioral indicators)?
- aggresive behaviors
- motoric “problems”
- trying to avoid the situation
- fidgetiness
- underperformance “ckoping upder pressure”
What are some psycho-physiological methods? (for anxiety)
Respiratory rate, depth
and rhythm
Sweat gland activity
Skin conductance
Skin temperature
Brain waves(EEG)
Muscle tension (EMG)
Heart rate
Heart rate variability
What are the scales (3) from the anxieyt questionnaires?
- somatic anxiety
- worry
- confidence
What possibel interventions are there for anxiety?
- psychological skills training (relaxation techniques, positive self-talk)
- systematic desensitization
Is aggression an emotion?
- emotional or impulsive aggression refers to aggression that occurs with only a small amount of forethought or intent
- instrumental or cognitive aggression is intentional and planned.
Aggression (definition)
refers to behavior that is intended to harm another individual who does not want to be harmed.
Agression (def.) by Tedeschi, Smith & Brown, 1974
- Impairment of another person’s alternative course
- Intetntionally directed
- Violating rules
What types of aggression are there?
Expressive: unintention, non-targeted outburt
Hostile/impulsive: aim is to harm another person
Instrumental: aggression as a meqans to an end
Types of agressive behavior
overt vs. covert-sneaky aggression
physical vs. verbal aggression
actively exercising vs. passively experiencing aggression
direct vs. indirect aggression
outward vs. inward aggression
instinct theory
- aggressive tendencies are the result of inherited predispositions (Freud, 1920)
- The idea that experiencing catharsis reduces agression (Konrad Lorenz)
Frustration-aggression hypothesis
- aggression is as consequence of frustration
- aggression depnds on … level of frustration, frustration tolerance, number of frustrating experiences, expected consequences)
Social learning thoery (aggression)
- Aggressive Behavior is the
result of a learning and
socialization process.
(Bandura, 1976) - we learn behavior through observation
How can aggressive behavior be explained?
- disposition x situation interaction
- leads to aggression motivation
- leads to aggresive behavior
