Lecture 5 - Wetands

Question 1

allogenic succesion is driven by the ..

Answer 1

environment

Question 2

autogeneic succession is driven by conditions caused by .. vegetation

Answer 2

current

Question 3

primary succession is on surfaces that .. supported vegetation

Answer 3

haven’t

-bedrock exposed by erosion

Question 4

secondary succession is on surfaces that .. supported soil and vegetation

Answer 4

have

-recolonisation of set-aside farmland

Question 5

aquatic wetlands are .. .. ecosystems

Answer 5

Shallow water ecosystems

Question 6

telmatic wetlands are .. .. ecosystems

Answer 6

Wet terrestrial ecosystems

Question 7

Marsh is a .. wetland

Answer 7

seasonal

Question 8

Bogs are .. pH, Fen are .. pH and swamps are .. all three are examples of .. wetlands

Answer 8

Bogs are acidic, fens are alkaline and swamps are in between.
All permanent wetlnads.

Question 9

Terrestrialisation occurs due to .. of lakes/pools with .. and ..

Answer 9

infilling

mud peat

Question 10

Paludification is a process that once .. wetland becomes ..

Caused by impeded .. or increased ..

Answer 10

dry, wet

drainage, precipitation

-responsible for largest wetland in Britain

Question 11

ombrotrophic bogs are dependant on .. for its ..

Answer 11

moisture, nutrients

-usually about 5m high in centre and its acidic

Question 12

Rooting terrestrialisation ‘depressions’ are filled with ..

Answer 12

peat

Question 13

Rafting terrestrialisation depressions are … filled, but the surface is covered by .. ..

Answer 13

not,
sphagnum moss

• often found in small, sheltered basins

Question 14

autochtonous deposition is from the .. source

Answer 14

original

Question 15

allochtonous infilling is from an .. source

Answer 15

external

-washed in

Question 16

wetland succession via rooting begins with .. then …, then a .. and finally .. .. as the surface becomes .. ..
possibly leading to .. .. woodland

Answer 16

infilling, colonisation
fen, fen woodland
dry deciduous
-though little evidence deciduous woodland will form naturally

Question 17

wetland succession via rafting differs from rooting as the .. and .. phases develop by direct colonisation of open water

Answer 17

swamp, fen

-often found in small, sheltered basins

Question 18

substantial paludification in british uplands happened between ..-..ya

Answer 18

7500-5000

-caused by development of blanket bog

Question 19

ombrogenous formation is .. ..

Answer 19

rain-fed

-requires 200+ days of rainfall per year and/or high humidity

Question 20

blanket bog initiated by .. ..

Answer 20

forest clearance

-some developed over once cultivated land like dartmoor

Question 21

O2 diffusion is … times slower in water than air

Answer 21

20000

Question 22

O2 has ..% of solubility in water as it does air

Answer 22

3

Question 23

Wetland decomposition is slowed by .. environment
Abundance of toxins such as .., .. and ..
… conditions
High concentrations of .. that inhibit .. activity

Answer 23

anoxic
Mn, Fe, S-
Acidic (often)
polyphenols microbrial

Question 24

bog bodies have .. preservation as a consequence of low …

Answer 24

good, decomposition

• Tollund man
• Lindow Man

Question 25

Lindow man had evidence of .. in stomach, .. around neck, massive .. injury and evidence of ..

Answer 25

mistletoe rope head drowning

Question 26

in low rooting oxygen, plants roots may undergo .. respiration ... oxygen to roots release .. into rhizosphere

Answer 26

anaerobic transport oxygen -rhizosphere is soil around roots

Question 27

as a consequence of anaerobic respiration, wetland plants accumulate the .. toxic malic acid instead of ethanol

Answer 27

less | -also not necesarrily using anaerobic metabolism always

Question 28

wetland roots have high root .., with .. and .. up to ..% of root volume rather than ..-..% like in dryland

Answer 28

``` porosity air space, channels 60, 2-7 -porosity provided by aerenchyma cavities and chanenls other oxygenating structures ```

Question 29

oxygenation of the rhizosphere may occur by .. of oxygen out of root .. oxidation on root surface

Answer 29

diffusion enzymic -can result in oxidisation of reduced phytotoxins in rhizosphere, reducing their toxicity/uptake

Question 30

Dead stems of reed in winter may have an important function as ..

Answer 30

snorkels -providing O2 to plants below