Lecture: #5 (What Did Mendel Discover?)

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

All genetic material

Question 2

The human genome

Answer 2

46 chromosomes of DNA arranged in 23 pairs
[22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes]

Question 3

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 3

sets of chromosomes (one from mom one from dad) that share the same genes at each point, though not necessarily the same alleles. They are alike in size, shape, centromere location, and carry corresponding genes.

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

Describes cells that have a single copy of each chromosome

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

Describes cells that have two copies of each chromosome. In many organisms, including humans, somatic cells are diploid.

Question 6

Somatic cells

Answer 6

non-reproductive cells

Question 7

Chromosome

Answer 7

linear strand (compacted molecules of DNA)

Question 8

Mendel’s Law of Segregation

Answer 8

“The principle that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a gene separate, so that half the gametes carry one allele, and half the gametes carry the other.
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Question 9

X-Linked Traits

Answer 9

X-linked traits are genetic disorders that are linked to the X chromosome. X-linked traits are more common in men than women because males only have one X chromosome,