Lecture 51

Question 1

functions of GH and IGF-1

Answer 1

increase lean body mass (via anabolic effects in muscle)
reduce central adiposity (via catabolic effects in lipid cells)
reduction in insulin sensitivity

Question 2

deficiency of GH and IGF-1 lead to

Answer 2

failure to reach predicted adult height
disproportionately increased body fat
decrease muscle mass

Question 3

IGF-1

Answer 3

insulin-like growth factor 1

Question 4

rhIGF-1

Answer 4

recombinant human IGF-1, mecasermin

Question 5

rhIGFBP-3

Answer 5

recombinant human IGF-1 binding protein-3

Question 6

rbGH

Answer 6

recombinant bovine growth hormone

Question 7

rhGH

Answer 7

recombinant human GH, somatropin

Question 8

recombinant forms of peptide hormones

Answer 8

rhIGF-1
rhIGFBP-3
rbGH
rhGH

Question 9

physiological functions of vasopressin

Answer 9

increase reabsorption of water from tubular filtrate by increasing water permeability in the cells in renal collecting tubes (antidiuretic activity, reduce urine volume, increase blood volume)
constrict blood vessels (vasopressor activity)
increase the levels of Von Willebrand factor and coagulation factor VIII

Question 10

V1 activity

Answer 10

gpcr receptor that increases cytosolic Ca2+ levels upon activation
found on vascular smooth muscle cells
mediates vasoconstriction

Question 11

V2 activity

Answer 11

GPCR that increases cAMP levels upon activation
found on renal tubule cells
increase the number of aquaporins on the cellular membrane –> increases water permeability –> water resorption

Question 12

desmopressin

Answer 12

minimal V1 activity
4000 times high antidiuretic to vasopressor activity than that of vasopressin

Question 13

clinical use of vasopressin

Answer 13

pituitary diabetes insipidus
nocturnal enuresis
coagulopathy in hemophilia A and von Willebrand’s disease

Question 14

adverse effects of vasopressin

Answer 14

water intoxication
abdominal cramping
allergic reaction (rare)
caution with CVD

Question 15

clinical use of oxytocin

Answer 15

induction and stimulation of labor
control of uterine hemorrhage after delivery
enhancement of milk ejection

Question 16

adverse effects of oxytocin

Answer 16

excessive stimulation of uterine contraction before delivery –> fetal distress, placental abruption, uterine rupture, trauma to birth canal
activation of vasopressin receptors by overdose of oxytocin –> excessive fluid retention, water intoxication, and hyponatremia

Question 17

CI to oxytocin

Answer 17

fetal distress
abnormal fetal presentation
cephalopelvic disproportion