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SFI 142 Exam 3 > Lecture 5.1 > Flashcards

Lecture 5.1 Flashcards

SEED TESTING (72 cards)

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1
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE Before collection

A

Assess crop
Test maturity

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2
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE During processing

A

Determine the need of after-ripening
Determine the need of drying
Determine the need of cleaning

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3
Q

SEED TESTING PURPOSE After processing

A

Determine if seed is suitable for plant production
Determine the potential for production of viable plants from the seedlot
Determine if dormancy releasing treatment is needed
Determine the appropriate sowing density
Determine if seed suitable for storage
Determine the price of the seed – seed trade

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4
Q

SAMPLING Purpose:

A

to obtain a sample of a size suitable for tests,
in which the probability of a constituent being
present is determined only by its level of
occurrence in the seedlot

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5
Q

to obtain a sample of a size suitable for tests,
in which the probability of a constituent being
present is determined only by its level of
occurrence in the seedlot

A

SAMPLING Purpose:

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6
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
Up to 5 containers

A

Sample each container. Always take at least 5
primary samples

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7
Q

Sample each container. Always take at least 5
primary samples

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
Up to 5 containers

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8
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
6-30 containers

A

Sample 5 containers or at least 1 in every 3
containers, whichever is greater

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9
Q

Sample 5 containers or at least 1 in every 3
containers, whichever is greater

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
6-30 containers

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10
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
31-400 containers

A

Sample 10 containers or at least 1 in every 5
containers, whichever is greater.

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11
Q

Sample 10 containers or at least 1 in every 5
containers, whichever is greater.

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
31-400 containers

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12
Q

Sampling Intensity and Size:
401 or more containers

A

Sample 80 containers or at least 1 in every 7
containers, whichever is greater.

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13
Q

Sample 80 containers or at least 1 in every 7
containers, whichever is greater.

A

Sampling Intensity and Size:
401 or more containers

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14
Q

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

A

Soil or Rifle Divider

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15
Q

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

A

Soil or Rifle Divider

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16
Q

Soil or Rifle Divider

A

rectangular ports are held in a frame, the ports alternately opening to the left and right.

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17
Q

is a probe, long enough to reach all areas of the container and designed to remove an equal volume of seed from each area through which it travels (also named stick sampler).

A

Seed Trier

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18
Q

Seed Trier

A

is a probe, long enough to reach all areas of the container and designed to remove an equal volume of seed from each area through which it travels (also named stick sampler).

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19
Q

Sampling Instruments (4)

A

Soil or Rifle Divider
Seed Trier
Inverted cone divider
Seed dividers

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20
Q

Purpose: To determine the composition by weight of the sample being tested.

A

Purity Analysis

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21
Q

Purity Analysis purpose

A

To determine the composition by weight of the sample being tested.

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22
Q

Procedure:
Working sample should contain at least 2,500 seeds. Separate working sample into pure seed, other seed and inert matter.

A

Purity Analysis

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23
Q

Purity Analysis Procedure

A

Working sample should contain at least 2,500 seeds. Separate working sample into pure seed, other seed and inert matter.

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24
Q

Purity Analysis:
includes undersized, shriveled, immature and germinated seed, provided they can be definitively identified as the species under consideration. It also includes seed pieces resulting from breakage that are more than half their original size.

A

Pure seed

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25
Pure seed
includes undersized, shriveled, immature and germinated seed, provided they can be definitively identified as the species under consideration. It also includes seed pieces resulting from breakage that are more than half their original size.
26
pure seed of other species.
Other seed
27
Other seed
pure seed of other species.
28
comprises seed-derived structures like seed-wings as well as other matter not defined as pure seed.
Inert matter
29
Inert matter
comprises seed-derived structures like seed-wings as well as other matter not defined as pure seed.
30
Number of seed per unit weight test PURPOSE
Allows calculation of weight of seed to be sown Seed weight is positively related to seed quality
31
Allows calculation of weight of seed to be sown Seed weight is positively related to seed quality
Number of seed per unit weight test PURPOSE
32
Number of seed per unit weight test Procedure:
1.Eight (8) random replicates of 100 pure seeds. 2.The 8 reps are weighed individually. 3.Calculate the number of seed per kilogram as follows: 4. Compute for the coefficient of variation as: 5.
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Crucial during seed storage and handling Determines the biochemical and physiological activity of the seed
Moisture Content
34
Moisture Content
Crucial during seed storage and handling Determines the biochemical and physiological activity of the seed
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Establish the maximum number of seeds which can germinate under optimum conditions in terms of light, moisture and temperature.
Germination Test
36
Germination Test purpose
Establish the maximum number of seeds which can germinate under optimum conditions in terms of light, moisture and temperature.
37
Germination Test Why use standardized ideal conditions?
1. Difference between results can be ascribed to true difference between seed samples and not to different test methods. 2. Results obtained for a given seedlot in one laboratory should be identical to results obtained in any other laboratory, i.e. results are reproducible. The germination capacity is not equal to the field nursery germination but in most cases the two figures are strongly related.
38
Germination Test General Principles
Consists of 4 reps at 100 seeds per rep * Uniformly spread the seed, 1.5-5 X the seed width * Very small seed like Eucalyptus is tested by weight 4 replicates of 0.1 to 1.0 g. Germination is expressed as number of germinants per gram.
39
Germination
emergence and development of the seedling to a stage where the aspect of its essential structures indicates whether or not it is able to develop further into a satisfactory plant under favorable conditions in the soil
40
emergence and development of the seedling to a stage where the aspect of its essential structures indicates whether or not it is able to develop further into a satisfactory plant under favorable conditions in the soil
Germination
41
– intact seedlings with all essential structures (i.e. root, shoot axis, cotyledons, terminal bud), complete healthy and well-developed. Included also are seedlings with slight defects but capable of developing into satisfactory plants, and seedlings which have been infected secondarily.
Normal Germinants
42
Normal Germinants
– intact seedlings with all essential structures (i.e. root, shoot axis, cotyledons, terminal bud), complete healthy and well-developed. Included also are seedlings with slight defects but capable of developing into satisfactory plants, and seedlings which have been infected secondarily.
43
Abnormal seedlings
seedlings which are discolored, glassy, split, broken, stunted, twisted, missing parts, etc.
44
seedlings which are discolored, glassy, split, broken, stunted, twisted, missing parts, etc.
Abnormal seedlings
45
which did not absorb water due to impermeable seedcoat
Hard seeds
46
Hard seeds
which did not absorb water due to impermeable seedcoat
47
other than hard seeds which failed to germinate but remain clean and firm and probably have the potential to germinate
Fresh seeds
48
Fresh seeds
other than hard seeds which failed to germinate but remain clean and firm and probably have the potential to germinate
49
seedlings which at the end of the test have failed to germinate and are neither hard nor fresh
Dead seeds
50
Dead seeds
seedlings which at the end of the test have failed to germinate and are neither hard nor fresh
51
Classification of Germinants
Hard seeds Fresh seeds Dead seeds Empty seeds Insect-damaged seeds
52
Measure of how fast, uniform and energetic their germination is.
Germinative Energy
53
Germinative Energy (#1)
Measure of how fast, uniform and energetic their germination is.
54
Percentage of seeds that have germinated within a given period, e.g. day 7 or day 10 after sowing.
Germinative Energy
55
Germinative Energy (#2)
Percentage of seeds that have germinated within a given period, e.g. day 7 or day 10 after sowing.
56
Percentage of seed that has germinated up to the time of peak germination, i.e. the time when the highest number of seed per time unit has germinated.
Germinative Energy
57
Germinative Energy (#3)
Percentage of seed that has germinated up to the time of peak germination, i.e. the time when the highest number of seed per time unit has germinated.
58
endosperm is of normal color and texture with well-developed embryo
Good seed
59
Good seed
endosperm is of normal color and texture with well-developed embryo
60
Distinguishes between living and dead tissues
Indirect Tests of Viability... Topographical tetrazolium test
61
Indirect Tests of Viability... Topographical tetrazolium test
Distinguishes between living and dead tissues
62
Simple and economical
Indirect Tests of Viability... Hydrogen Peroxide Method
63
Indirect Tests of Viability... Hydrogen Peroxide Method
Simple and economical
64
- Used for slow-germinating or dormant seeds - Performed on 400 seeds, some seeds used as replacement for damaged seeds - Seed is imbibed followed by embryo excision - Moderately aseptic working conditions, use 70% alcohol solution
Indirect Tests of Viability... Excised embryo test
65
Indirect Tests of Viability... Excised embryo test
- Used for slow-germinating or dormant seeds - Performed on 400 seeds, some seeds used as replacement for damaged seeds - Seed is imbibed followed by embryo excision - Moderately aseptic working conditions, use 70% alcohol solution
66
Indirect Tests of Viability... X-ray Test
67
Indirect Tests of Viability... X-ray Test
- X-ray radiography is a quick and non destructive test to determine or distinguish: filled, empty, insect- and physically-damaged seed, degree of seed development, number of seeds in a fruit and viability - Contrast agents could be used like: BaCl or chloroform
68
Purpose: determine the health status of a seedlot
Seed health test
69
Seed health test
Purpose: determine the health status of a seedlot
70
Seed health test Importance: (3)
1.Seed-borne inoculum may give rise to progressive disease development in the nursery/field and reduce the commercial value of the crop 2.Imported seedlots may introduce diseases into new regions; tests to meet quarantine requirements may therefore be necessary. 3.Seed health testing may explain seedling evaluation and causes of poor germination or field establishment and thus supplement germination testing.
71
The results of the seed testing is useful not only in determining the planting value of a seed lot but also in calculating the amount of seed to be sown in the nursery.
Calculating amount of seed needed
72
Calculating amount of seed needed
The results of the seed testing is useful not only in determining the planting value of a seed lot but also in calculating the amount of seed to be sown in the nursery.

SFI 142 Exam 3 (3 decks)

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