Lecture 53

Question 1

What is the specificity for the adaptive immune system?

Answer 1

microbial and non microbial anitgens

Question 2

what is the diversity for the adaptive system

Answer 2

very large, somatic recombination of gene segments

Question 3

Does the adaptive immune system have memory

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What is the response like to adaptive immune system

Answer 4

slower, magnitude increases with multiple exposures

Question 5

what are the components for the adaptive immune system

Answer 5

lymphocytes in epithelia, antibodies secreted at epithelial surfaces

Question 6

What are the blood proteins for the adaptive immune system

Answer 6

Antibodies

Question 7

What are the cells used for the adaptive immune system

Answer 7

Lymphocytes

Question 8

where are b lymphocytes derived from?

Answer 8

Bone marrow

Question 9

Where are T lymphocytes derived from?

Answer 9

Thymus

Question 10

B lymphocytes synthesis and secrete what?

Answer 10

Antibodies

Question 11

What are the two types of cells from T lymphocytes

Answer 11

CD4 and CD8

Question 12

What type of immunity is B lymphocytes

Answer 12

Humoral

Question 13

What type of immunity is T lymphocytes

Answer 13

Cellular

Question 14

CD4 T cells do what

Answer 14

Provide and help a range of immune responses

Question 15

CD8 T cells do what?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic cells that kill infected or altered cells

Question 16

Describe the development of the T and B lymphocytes separately

Answer 16

Hemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow develop into common lymphoid progenitor cells. These progenitor cells then develop accordingly. So the B cell develops in the bone marrow itself and is transferred to the peripheral lymphoid organs during an antibody response. The T cell however is transferred from the bone marrow to the thymus and then released to the peripheral lymhoid organs as a thymocyte during the T cell mediated immune response.

Question 17

Both the B and T cells display what for the antigen on their surface?

Answer 17

Highly diverse receptors

Question 18

Each cell has multiple copies of what? and what does this determine?

Answer 18

Multiple copies of a single receptor and this receptor determines the antigens that the lymphocyte can bind

Question 19

Receptors are generated by what and where?

Answer 19

random somatic gene arrangements that occur during B and T cell differentiation in the primary lymphoid tissues

Question 20

T and B cells with receptors that bind self antigens are what?

Answer 20

removed during differentiation in the primary lymphoid tissues which is tolerance

Question 21

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 21

where lymphocytes develop so the bone marrow and the thymus

Question 22

what are the secondary lymphoid organs

Answer 22

where lymphocytes are activated so the adenoid, tonsil, nodes, spleen, peyers patches in the small intestine and the appendix

Question 23

Once the lymphocytes have developed in the primary lymphoid organs, where do they enter?

Answer 23

Enter the blood circulation so that they can then go onto circulate the secondary lymphoid tissues

Question 24

anitgens can be what?

Answer 24

proteins, cho’s, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 25

Describe clonal selection and expansion

Answer 25

A precursor cell diversifies and proliferates in bone marrow to produce various resting B cells. A particular antigen will then bind to the according B cell in peripheral lymphoid organ. That specific B cell is then proliferated and differentiated and secretes the according antibodies

Question 26

Describe the effector cells and memory cells

Answer 26

The naive cell is first exposed to the antigen which goes on to produce memory cells and effector cells. Memory cells are stored for production in the future when the same antigen is introduced the second time. This allows for more effector cells to be produced in response to the antigen

Question 27

describe clonal selection and expansion in a few words

Answer 27

Lymphocyte binds its antigen which is clonal selection | Lymphocyte becomes activated, divides and differentiates which is clonal expansion

Question 28

How are B cells activated?

Answer 28

When free antigens drain via the lymphatics to the lymph nodes

Question 29

How are T cells activated?

Answer 29

Dendritic cells and macrophages migrate via the lymphatics to the lymph nodes and display degraded antigen peptides to T cells

Question 30

What is the collective name for dendritic cells and macrophages and how do they work?

Answer 30

Antigen presenting cells. They have internalised antigen in the tissues and migrate via the lymphatics to the lymph nodes

Question 31

The antigen binds to a B cell that has what?

Answer 31

A B cell that has an immunoglobin (antibody) on the surface that fits that particular antigen

Question 32

After clonal expansion of the B cell, what happens?

Answer 32

Plasma cells and memory cells are formed. Plasma cells secrete antibody and memory cells persist to combat next infection

Question 33

B cells can have how many antigenic determinants?

Answer 33

multiple and not always identical

Question 34

The site where the antibody binds is called what?

Answer 34

the epitope or determinant

Question 35

There can be more than one what in any given antigen?

Answer 35

More than one anitgen

Question 36

B cell recpetors bind to what?

Answer 36

conformational shapes

Question 37

What are the products of B cells?

Answer 37

Antibodies

Question 38

Antibodies are also known as?

Answer 38

Immunogloins, Ig

Question 39

What are the 2 forms of Ig

Answer 39

Surface (IgM( and secreted

Question 40

Describe surface Ig

Answer 40

Surface Ig are embedded in the B cell membrane and act as the cell antigen receptor.

Question 41

Describe secreted Ig

Answer 41

Secreted by activated B cells which are plasma cells

Question 42

B cells secrete their antibody only when what happens?

Answer 42

When they bind antigen

Question 43

Antibodies

Answer 43

dd