Lecture 5.3 Heart and pericardium Flashcards
At what level is CPR conducted?
T5-8, it is where the heart sits.
Describe the pericardium
Pericardium is 2 layered, with an outer fibrous and an inner serous layer. Serous punches in from behind during development.
There is serous fluid in between the parietal and serous layer of the serous pericardium. They line the fibrous and heart respectively.
What is the coronary sulcus also known as?
Atrioventricular groove.
Which ventricle forms the apex?
Left.
Describe right atrium.
Looking in the right atrium there is a fossa ovalis, which is the embryonic remains of the foramen ovale where blood communicates between the LA and RA. When baby is birthed, a flap seals this off.
There is a rough anterior area, called the musculi pectinati which ends at the crista terminalis which goes on to become a smooth walled sinus venarum.
Coronary sinus which collects venous drainage from the heart is found here.
Describe right ventricle.
Looking in the right ventricle, we see the rough walled trabeculae carnae. However there is one area without the trabeculae carnae called the conus arteriosus/infundibulum at the base of the pulmonary trunk.
3 special trabeculae carnae muscles project into middle, aka papillary muscles.
They attach on to chordae tendinae that are attached to the tricuspid valve.
True or false? LA is smooth.
False. It has rough walled musculi pectinati.
What are coronets? What are they functions?
Anchoring of atrial and ventricular muscle masses electrically isolates.
Provides attachment for base of each valve cusp.
True or false. Papillary muscles relax and contract during a cardiac cycle to help open and close valves.
False. No valves are under the control of muscles. They open/close mechanically due to flow of blood and flow of blood only.
Where is the SA node found?
In the RA top of crista terminalis.
Where is the cardiac plexus found?
Base of the heart.
