Lecture 5a: Self-determination theory Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is SDT?
- An organismic theory
- assumed that people are active organisms
- focus on innate psychological needs
- why we do what we do
What are the 6 mini theories of SDT?
- Organismic Integration Theory
- Cognitive Evaluation Theory
- Basic Needs Theory
- Goal Content Theory
- Causality Orientation Theory
- Relationships Motivation Theory
What is? - Psychological Needs Theory (Basic Needs)
C.A.R
Competence
Autonomy
Relatedness
(leads to intrinsic motivation)
What is competence?
- strive to control outcomes
- to experience effectance/mastery
- to understand ‘how’ to do..
- to produce desired outcome
What is autonomy?
- self-determination
- origin, not pawn
- control outcomes & behaviours
- desire internal perceived locus of causality (to feel actions emanate from the self)
- taking ownership of own behaviour
What is relatedness?
- strive to relate to and care for, others
- to feel others related to oneself
- to feel ‘satisfying and coherent involvement in the social world more generally’
3 Nature of motivation
- Intrinsic: To perform or take part for its own sake
- Extrinsic: To perform or take part as means to an end
- Amotivation: Absence of motivation or lack of contingent between actions and outcomes
What is intrinsic motivation?
- For enjoyment
- doing it for own sake
- not seeking any outcome
What is extrinsic motivation?
- Doing something to get something out of it
e. g. studying hard for a module so that you can get an A and retain your first-class honours
What are the 3 scenarios when intrinsic motivation is usually demonstrated?
- Towards knowledge
- learning new things/knowing more - Towards the accomplishment
- Outdoing oneself/reaching new personal objectives - Towards experiencing stimulation
- pleasant sensations derived from the activity
- excitement or any pleasant feeling (e.g some people get the excitement from high-risk sports such as F1 racing etc.)
How is Extrinsic Motivation stimulated? (E. I^3)
- External regulation
- Introjected regulation
3 Identified regulation - Integrated regulation
What is external regulation?
- behaviour controlled and explained by external authority & rewards
- fear of punishment
- rule compliance
- coercion
- e.g. to show others how good I am or i’ll get into trouble if I don’t
What is introjected regulation?
- internally controlling
- “i have to..”
- ” i ought to..”
- internal pressures to act
- avoidance of guilt/shame
- e.g. I must do it to feel good about my self or I will feel bad about myself
Introjection:
- internalisation in which the person ‘takes in’ a value (non-identified)
- enforcement through internal threats of guilt
- pressured demands on oneself
- contingent self-esteem
- pressure, tension, anxiety, maladaptive coping
What is identified regulation?
- more self-determined
- “I want to..”
- ” i choose to…”
- act according to choice and value
- acting in accord with one’s values and goals
- e.g. I want to exercise to improve my fitness
Reasons:
- identifies with the activity
- accept responsibility for doing it
- “swallowed and digested”
More on identified regulations (how can it also be different from introjected):
- behaviour emanates from one-self( (self-determined)
- volitional behaviour
- important for personal goal attainment
- less anxiety, greater positive affect, proactive coping
- higher IM
- ‘true’ self-esteem
What is integrated regulation?
- most self-determined form of the internalization process
- performed out of choice in order to harmonize and bring to coherence to different part of self
- E.g. I take part in PE because it is very important for me to have a healthy life style
- to achieve personal goals but not for its inherent appeal
What is Amotivation (non-regulation)?
- relative absence of motivation, intrinsic or extrinsic
- no perceived contingencies between actions and outcomes
- do not identify good reasons to continue
- learned helplessness
- e.g I really don’t know why?
Organismic Integration Theory
• Non-regulation: idk what is the reason for doing it, idw to do it
• External: doing it because you know that you have to so as to prevent any scolding etc
• Introjected: coach/doctor/parents tell you to do it, its good for you -> so you feel that you need to because someone say so, but you actually do not identify the value of doing it
• Identified: you see the value of doing it
• Integrated: after doing it for awhile, it became habitual, you do it because it is part of your routine and integrated in yourself e.g. after training for long for the national team, it became you -> you
play basketball because you are a basketballer
• Intrinsic: I wan to do it
What is the motivational sequence? (Vallerand & Loisier, 1999)
- Social Factor > 2. Psychological Mediators > 3. Motivation > 4. Consequences
> > social factors - things happen around us, the environment you are in (cooperative/
competitive), tone of your coach etc
> > if your 3 needs is satisfied socially then you will move onto the next sequence, which leads
to the kind of motivation you gave, which then result in your output- effort, persistence etc
- Social Factors:
- Success/Failure
- Competition/Cooperation
- Coaches’ Behaviour etc - Psychological mediators:
- Perceptions of C.A.R - Motivation:
- Intrinsic, Extrinsic (E,I3), Amo - Consequences:
- Affect
- Sport-personship
- Persistence etc
How can social factors affect motivation?
Social Factor:
- Success/failure:
- Failures generate incompetence - Cooperative
- cooperation increases intrinsic motivation - Competition:
- competition undermine intrinsic motivation & perceived competence - Coach’s Behaviour:
- Autonomy-supportive VS Controlling
- Autonomy-supportive style increases intrinsic motivation
**intervene at social factors can lead to positive outcomes
Motivational Consequences
- Cognitive, affective & behavioural outcomes
- Memory, conceptual learning, concentration
- interest, satisfaction, positive emotions, mood, anxiety
- persistence, choice, intensity, performance, sportspersonship
