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COM: Neuro (Exam I) > Lecture 6: Embryo Of Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Embryo Of Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What general aspect of pharyngeal arches are derived from ectoderm?

A

Groove (cleft)

Covering

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2
Q

What general aspect of pharyngeal arches are derived from mesoderm/neural crest?

A

Skeletal (neural crest)
Muscle (mesoderm)
Aortic arch (Mesoderm)

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3
Q

What general aspect of pharyngeal arches are derived from endoderm?

A

Pouch

Lining

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4
Q

What cranial nerves are derived from each of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Arch 1 = trigeminal (V)
Arch 2 = facial (VII)
Arch 3 = Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Arch 5 = Vagus (X)

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5
Q

When does the development of pharyngeal arches begin?

A

Week 4

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6
Q

What does the cleft of the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

External auditory meatus and external tympanic membrane

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7
Q

What structures does the covering of the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A 
Epidermis of face
Roof of stomodeum (mouth)
Enamel organs (teeth)
Parotid gland
Pituitary gland
Part of ear
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8
Q

The cleft of which pharyngeal arches disappears?

A

2, 3, 4, 6

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9
Q

What does the covering of the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

the epidermis of the upper auricle and upper neck

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10
Q

What does the covering of the third pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Epidermis of middle neck

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11
Q

What does the covering of the fourth pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Nothing, it obliterates

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12
Q

What does the covering of the 6th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Epidermis of lower neck

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13
Q

What is a lateral cervical (bronchial) cyst the embryological remnant of?

A

Parts of the cervical sinus and/or the 2nd pharyngeal cleft/groove

These develop anywhere along the anterior border of the SCM

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14
Q

What does the neural crest of the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A 
Meckels cartilage 
Mandible 
Sphenomandibular ligaments 
Malleus 
Incus
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15
Q

What does the neural crest of the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A 
Reichert cartilage 
Stapes 
Styloid process 
Stylohyoid ligament 
Lesser Cornu and upper body of hyoid bone
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16
Q

What does the neural crest of the third pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Greater Cornu and lower body of hyoid bone

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17
Q

What does the neural crest of the fourth and sixth pharyngeal arches give rise to?

A

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

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18
Q

What muscles does the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of mastication

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19
Q

What muscles does the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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20
Q

What muscles does the third pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

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21
Q

What muscles does the fourth pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Cricothyroid

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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22
Q

What muscles does the sixth pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

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23
Q

What muscles do occipital myotomes give rise to?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic lingual muscles except palatoglossus -> this includes the tongue!

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24
Q

What pharyngeal arch are extraocular muscles derived from?

A

None! They are derived from prechordal mesenchyme

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25
Q

What does the pouch of the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Auditory tube and middle ear cavity

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26
Q

What does the pouch of the second pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Palatine fossa

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27
Q

What does the pouch of the third pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Dorsal: inferior parathyroid glands

Ventral: thymus

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28
Q

What does the pouch of the fourth pharyngeal arch give rise to?

A

Dorsal: superior parathyroid glands

Ventral: ultimobranchial body (AKA ultimopharyngeal body)

29
Q

What does the ultimobranchial body (AKA ultimopharyngeal body) give rise to?

A

C cells which produce calcitonin

30
Q

What endodermal pharyngeal pouches descend during development and which descends the most inferiorly?

A

3 and 4 -> 3 descends the most posteriorly

31
Q

When does the thyroid develop?

A

On day 24 (week 4)

32
Q

When is the thyroid in the adult position?

A

By week 7

33
Q

What is the first gland in the body to form and the first to become functional?

A

Thyroid

34
Q

What forms the thyroid primordium?

A

Endoderm of pharynx

35
Q

What are the common locations for an ectopic thyroid?

A 
Lingual thyroid (base of tongue)
Cervical thyroid (anterior to hyoid bone)
36
Q

WHat is a pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland?

A

Forms when the Last couple of cells trying to migrate to their place and just dont quite get their -> this is a remnant of the thyroglossal duct

37
Q

What is first arch syndrome?

A

Malformation of any structure coming from the first arch -> base of the problem is neural crest cell migration

  • Common malformations = small jaw formation, abnormal ear formation, cleft palate, eye problems
38
Q

What is treacher collins syndrome?

A

Autosomal dominant disorder of TCOF1 gene affecting neural crest cells of the first pharyngeal arch?

39
Q

What pharyngeal arch syndrome is characterized by malar hypoplasia, down-slanting palpebral fissures, defects of lower eyelids, and deformed external ears?

A

Treacher collins syndrome (a first arch syndrome)

40
Q

What is Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

A first arch syndrome characterized by hypoplasia of mandible, cleft palate and defects of eyes and ears

41
Q

What is DiGeorge syndrome?

A

No thymus and parathyroid glands along with defects in cardiac outflow tracts caused by migration of q11.2 gene on chromosome 22

**thymus and parathyroids come from pouches 3 and 4

42
Q

What are the characteristics of DiGeorge syndrome?

A 
Hypoparathyroidism
Susceptible to infection 
Anomalies of mouth 
Low-set notched ears 
Nasal clefts
Thyroid hypoplasia 
Cardiac abnormalities
43
Q

Sensory nerve branches can ascend to the pharyngeal arch ________ (above/below) and innervate

A

Above

44
Q

What are the sensory and mixed nerves associated with the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Sensory = maxillary branch of trigeminal

Mixed = mandibular branch of trigeminal

45
Q

What are the sensory and mixed nerves associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

A

Sensory = chorda tympani of facial

Mixed = main motor branches of facial

46
Q

What are the sensory and mixed nerves associated with the 3rd pharyngeal arch?

A

Sensory = Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal

Mixed = motor branch of glossopharyngeal to stylopharyngeus

47
Q

What are the sensory and motor nerves associated with the fourth pharyngeal arch?

A

Sensory = Internal laryngeal branch of vagus

Mixed = External laryngeal (motor) branch of vagus

48
Q

What are the sensory and mixed nerves associated with the sixth pharyngeal arch?

A

Sensory = recurrent laryngeal (sensory) of vagus

Mixed = recurrent laryngeal (motor) of vagus

49
Q

The stapes is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

2nd

50
Q

The maxilla and mandible are derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

First

51
Q

The sphenomandibular ligament is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

First

52
Q

The lesser horn of the hyoid bone is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

2nd

53
Q

The malleous is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

First

54
Q

The recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

6th

55
Q

What superior laryngeal nerve is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

Fourth

56
Q

The inferior parathyroids arise from what pharyngeal pouch?

A

Posterior portion of the 3rd

57
Q

The superior parathyroids are derived from what pharyngeal pouch?

A

Posterior portion of the fourth

58
Q

The stylohyoid ligament is derived from what pharyngeal pouch?

A

2nd

59
Q

The lesser Cornu and upper body of the hyoid bone are derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

2nd

The greater Cornu and lower body of hyoid are from 3rd arch!

60
Q

The styloid process is derived from what pharyngeal arch?

A

2nd

61
Q

T/F: The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior aspect of the thyroid gland

A

False! They are on the posterior aspect

62
Q

T/F: The parathyroid glands are derived from endoderm of the foregut

A

True

63
Q

T/F: Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland are neural crest derivatives

A

True

64
Q

WHat is the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland a remnant of?

A

The thyroglossal duct

65
Q

The foramen cecum is an adult remnant of which structure?

A

Thyroid gland

66
Q

What nerve supplies innervation of intrinsic tongue muscles?

A

Hypoglossal

67
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Trigeminal

68
Q

What nerve supplies innervation to taste buds on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal

COM: Neuro (Exam I) (13 decks)

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