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T2: Theme 1: Anatomy > Lecture 6: Imaging the lung > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Imaging the lung Flashcards

1
Q

How do you assess heart size?

A

Calculate the cardiothoracic ratio

C/T normally <0.5 on PA

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2
Q

What are the strengths of radiography?

A

Great spatial resolution- especially bone

Cheap & available

Easy interpretation

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3
Q

What are the weaknesses of radiography?

A

Projectional

Ionising radiation

Very limited soft tissue visualisation

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4
Q

What is the order of tissue densities on a plain x-ray?

A

Air/gas

Fat

Water/soft tissue

High atomic number

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5
Q

What are the strengths of CT?

A

Cross-sectional
Spatial resolution
Widely available

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6
Q

What are the weaknesses of CT?

A

Ionising radiation

Limited soft tissue contrast

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7
Q

What thickness of slice is the optimal technique for demonstrating lung?

A

1mm

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8
Q

What thickness of slice is the optimal technique for demonstrating thorax?

A

5mm

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9
Q

How many alveoli are there per adult?

A

300M

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10
Q

What is the total area of alveoli in adults?

A

143m2

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11
Q

What is the secondary pulmonary lobule?

A

The smallest unit of lung marginated by connective tissue septa

Functional unit of the lung

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12
Q

What is the size of the primary pulmonary lobule and acinus?

A

6-10mm

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13
Q

What is the size of the secondary pulmonary lobule?

A

5-20mm

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14
Q

Where are the pulmonary veins and lymphatics located?

A

Running within the connective tissue septum of the secondary pulmonary lobule

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15
Q

Where are the arteries and airways located in the secondary pulmonary lobule?

A

In the middle

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16
Q

What are Pores of Khon?

A

Fenestrations in alveoli to allow communication

17
Q

What can be used to visualise lung ventilation?

A

Radioactive gas - Xenon-133, Krypton-81m

Radioactive aerosol - Tc99m-DTPA

Radioactive dry carbon particles 20nm (0.02 microns) 50micrograms Tc99m

18
Q

What can be used to visualise lung perfusion?

A

2-500,000 intravenous particles

16-90 micron diameter

Macroaggregated human serum albumen

Occlude <1% of pulmonary circulation

19
Q

How do you know if consolidation is in the right middle lobe?

A

If the right heart boarder has disappeared

20
Q

How do you know if consolidation is in the right lower lobe?

A

If the boarder of the diaphragm is obscured

21
Q

What would a sandy appearance on a lung X-ray suggest?

A

Miliary TB

T2: Theme 1: Anatomy (7 decks)

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