Lecture 6: Immunobiology (cells And Tissues Of The Immune System) Flashcards
(46 cards)
1
Q
Cell types of the mammalian immune system
A
- Granulocytes (& mast cells)
- Lymphocytes
- …..
2
Q
Developement of blood cells
A
3
Q
.
A
4
Q
Blood island in yolk sac
A
5
Q
.
A
6
Q
Changes in distribution of bone marrow
A
7
Q
…
A
8
Q
Control of leucocyte differentiation
A
9
Q
…
A
10
Q
- GRANULOCYTES
A
- 60-70% of peripheral blood leucocytes are Granulocytes
- short lived cells (hrs-days)
- released from bone marrow at ca. 80 million/min
- first line of defence
- involved in NON-SPECIFIC DEFENCES
11
Q
GRANULOCYTES
A
- individuals with low numbers of G or G’s with defect in antimicrobial armoury suffer recurrent microbial diseases
- e.g.
12
Q
Types of Granulocytes
A
- Neurtrophils (heterophils)
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
13
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Formation
14
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Myleoblast
15
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Promyelocyte
16
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Myelocyte
17
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Band cell
18
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Mature neutrophil
19
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Neutrophil apoptosis
20
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Granule chemistry
21
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
22
Q
G : NEUTROPHILS
A
Functions:
- Phagocytosis
- Acute inflammation
23
Q
G’S: EOSINOPHILS
A
Discovered by ….
24
Q
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
A
- only 5% of leucocytes in peripheral blood are eosinophils
- also found in tissues e.g. skin, intestinal mucosa, lungs and uterus where they protect against parasite invasion
25
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
Classes:
26
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
27
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
28
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
MBP, Major basic protein= (kills parasites)
Small granules: has enzymes - Arylsulfatase B & Acid Phosphatase
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G’s: EOSINOPHILS
MBP - 11kDa cationic protein that kills/damages parasites, also induces histamine release by mast cells
30
G’s: EOSINOPHILS
31
G’s: EOSINOPHILS & parasites
- attach to surface of parasite
- exocytosis (bind to lipid bilayer & release contents onto surface) - realise product around outside of parasite
….
32
G’s: BASOPHILS
- extremely rare cell in blood accounting for only 0.5% of total leucocyte population
- cytoplasm contains prominent basophilic granules
- nucleus is bilobed to multi-lobate
33
G’s: BASOPHILS
Granules contain histamine & other vasoactive molecules:
34
G’s: BASOPHILS
Functions:
- granules contain various mediators of inflammation (histamine etc)
35
Mast cells
- stain intensely with dyes e.g. methylene blue & toluidine blue (i.e. they are basophilic)
- found in solid tissues
- structual & functional similarities to basophils
36
Ontogeny of Mast cells and Basophils from a common precursor
(Do not give rise to each-other tho)
37
2 types of mast cells:
1. Those associated with MUCOSAL MEMBRANES (gut & lung) -require T cells
2. Those associated with general connective tissue - T cell independent
38
.
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Mast cells - granules
Composition: acidic …
40
Mast cells - functions
- central players in inflammation & allergies
41
Mast cells
42
LYMPHOCYTES
Morphology:
43
LYMPHOCYTES
**Primary lymphoid organs**: e.g. bone marrow & thymus, site of production of …
**Secondary lymphoid organs**: e.g. spleen, lymph nodes
Peyer’s patches :
44
LYMPHOCYTES types:
3 main:
**B lymphocytes** (bursa of Fabricius equivalent)
**T lymphocytes (thymus derived) (organ lobes that sit on top of heart)
**Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs; including natural killer (NK) cells)
45
LYMPHOCYTES: B cell developemnt
Foetal liver > bone marrow > secondary lymphoid organs
46
LYMPHOCYTES: B cell function
Produce antibody
Antigens bind to B cells
Undergo proliferation
Produce plasma cells
