Lecture 6 - Motor Planning Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the hierarchy of of controls in motor planning
higher - strategy - TERTIARY
middle - tactics - SECONDARY
lowest - execution - PRIMARY
What level of the motor system uses sensory information
all levels use sensory information - for sensorimotor
what is the premotor cortex
secondary area for motor planning…
what are the secondary areas for motor cortex
premotor cortex
supplementary motor area
What is schema theory?
- there are a set of general rules, concepts and relationships to guide performance
- learnable
- modifiable at a level that is not conscious
- goes back to procedural memory
What are the important areas for planning movement?
Area 4 - PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX
Area 6 - High Motor Cortex
- -> laterally is the premotor area
- –> medially is the supplementary motor area
What is the “high motor area”
important for motor planning
laterally - premotor area - complex processing of movement
medially - supplementary motor area - programs complex sequences of movement
somatotopic maps are in these areas. they both have similar functions but innervate different areas
What happens when you stimulate area 4
muscle contraction
What are betz cells?
UMN found in Primary motor cortex
axon all the way down to spinal cord - synapse onto anterior horn
other cortical areas and thalamus input into the betz cells, which then sends info out
What area controls the drive to create motor action
DLPFC
lesion would cause avolitional state, discoordination or repetitve and perseveration
what area regulates control of motor actions
orbito and ventromedial PFC
lesion would make peopel do random and impulsive things disinhibited
What are the contributions of the posterior parietal and prefrontal cortex to the
area 5, which gets info from 3,1,2,
area 7, which gets visual input from middle temporal
anterior frontal lobes - abstract thought, decision making and anticipating consequences of action
area 6 - converts signals specificying how actiosn will be performed
SHOWS HIGHER ORDER MOTOR PLANNING
what happens if you get a lesion in the anterior frontal lobes?
- problems in abstract thought and anticipating consequences of action
IDEATIONAL APRAXIA
What areas would be activated for doing a complex finger tapping sequence
primary motor cortex
primary somatosensory
supplementary motor area
dorsolateral pfc
What would be activated by just thinking about performing a complex finger tapping sequence
supplmentary motor area
What area would be activated by making forceful finger movements
PMC
PSC
what areas would be activated by performing finger maze test with right hand
PMC PSC supplementary motor area premotor and more..
How is the basal ganglia involved in motor movement
selection and initiation of willed movement
How does the basal ganglia interact with the motor areas?
projects to the ventral lateral (VLo) nucleus of the thalamus
provides major input into area 6 (supplemetary and premotor areas)
cortex projects back to basal ganglia to form a loop
explain the motor loop between basal ganglia and motor cortex
- excitatory connection from cortex to putamen
cortical activation will
- excite putamen
- inhibit global palladis
- uninhibit VLo of thalamus
VLo activity influences SMA activity
How does the cerebellum influence motor movement
controls the sequence of muscle contractions, calibration and coordination.
also has a role in learning new motor programs to ensure smooth movement
What can happen in cerebellar lesions?
ataxia - uncoordinted or innaccurate movements
dysynergia - decomposition of synergistic multijoint movements
dysmetria - overshooting or undershooting target
What is the cerebellar motor loop?
sensorimotor cortex –> pons (pontine nuclei) –> lateral cerebellum –> VL in thalamus –> PMC
execution of smooth voluntary multi-joint movements
What is apraxia
Disorders of the execution of skilled movements
Many forms; limb kinetic, ideomotor, ideational, dissconnection,
buccofacial, constructional, dressing, gait and apraxic
agraphia
It is not due to:
deafness or aphasia
primary sensory weakness (blindness or tactile
anaesthesia) or agnosia (visual or tactile)
paresis, tremor, ataxia, hypokinesis (Parkinson’s) or
hyperkinesis (Huntington’s)
impaired spatial orientation
impaired body schema
frontal inertia or dementia
