Lecture 6 notes Flashcards
What are the three behaviors that show how memory functions?
Recall: Retrieving information learned earlier. Example: Answering a fill-in-the-blank question without options provided.
Recognition: Identifying previously learned information. Example: Selecting the correct answer in a multiple-choice question.
Relearning: Learning information more quickly when encountered again. Example: Reviewing material for a final exam and finding it easier to understand.
Why can our memories be inaccurate?
Memories can be altered each time we recall them, leading to reconsolidation with possible changes. Later information can modify earlier memories, making them unreliable. Example: Witnesses recalling details of an event differently over time.
What is the misinformation effect?
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event, which can alter how the event is remembered. Example: After hearing incorrect details about an accident, a person remembers those details as part of the original event.
What are implanted memories?
False memories that people come to believe as true due to suggestions or imagining events that never occurred. Example: Being told about a childhood event that never happened and later recalling it as a real memory.
What is imagination inflation?
Simply imagining an event can increase confidence that it actually happened, even if it didn’t. Example: Imagining winning a contest so vividly that you later believe you actually won.
What is source amnesia?
Inability to remember where, when, or how previously learned information was acquired, while retaining the factual knowledge. Example: Recalling a fact but forgetting whether you read it in a book or heard it from a friend. “I don’t remember who told me.”
Déjà Vu
The feeling that you’ve experienced a situation before, even when you haven’t. It may result from misattributing a current situation to a past memory. Example: Entering a new place and feeling like you’ve been there before.
How can constructed memories affect court testimonies and personal relationships?
People may confidently testify about events they remember inaccurately, leading to potential injustices. In relationships, current feelings can alter memories of past interactions, influencing perceptions and decisions. Example: Recalling past arguments differently based on current emotions.
What is spaced repetition?
A learning technique that involves reviewing information at increasing intervals to enhance long-term memory retention. Example: Studying vocabulary words today, then reviewing them tomorrow, next week, and next month.
What is redintegration in memory?
The process of reconstructing an entire memory from a partial cue, such as recalling a whole song when hearing a few notes. Example: Hearing the first few notes of a song and remembering the entire melody.
