Lecture 60 - Renal Anatomy

Question 1

where are the locations of the adrenal glands

Answer 1

cranial aspect of each kidney

Question 2

the adrenal glands are crossed by which vasculature structure

Answer 2

phrenicoabdominal vein

Question 3

what are the layers of the adrenal gland

Answer 3

1. cortex
2. medulla

Question 4

what 3 zones are in the adrenal cortex

Answer 4

1. zona glomerulosa
2. zona fasciculata
3. zona reticularis

Question 5

what is produced by the zona glomerulosa

Answer 5

mineralocorticoids responsible for salt regulation

Question 6

what is produced by the zona fasciculata

Answer 6

glucocorticoids responsible for sugar control

Question 7

what is produced by the zona reticularis

Answer 7

androgens (sex hormones)

Question 8

what is produced in the adrenal medulla

Answer 8

catelcholamines

Question 9

adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

Answer 9

unilateral/bilateral adrenal tumor secrete cortisol

Question 10

pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

Answer 10

ACTH-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland causing the adrenal glands to enlarge and produce too much cortisol

Question 11

T/F: in dogs with an adrenocortical tumor, one adrenal gland is often enlarged and irregularly shaped

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

T/F: kidneys are considered peritoneal organs

Answer 12

FALSE - retroperitoneal

Question 13

which kidney is more cranial

Answer 13

right

Question 14

ureters

Answer 14

muscular tubes conducting urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder via peristaltic contractions

Question 15

how are the cat kidneys different

Answer 15

• rounder
• relatively bigger
• more caudal
• subcapsular veins

Question 16

renal pelvis

Answer 16

expanded part of ureter within the kidney

Question 17

extensions on the renal pelvis in the _____ are called the

Answer 17

carnivore; pelvic recess

Question 18

renal capsule

Answer 18

thin fibrous covering of the kidneys

Question 19

the renal parenchyma is

Answer 19

outer renal cortex + inner medulla

Question 20

the renal pyramids extend from the cortex to the center where they fuse to

Answer 20

renal crest

Question 21

define nephron

Answer 21

continuous contorted tube that serves for urine production and for the regulation of the volume/composition of extracellular fluid

Question 22

describe the ureters to the urinary bladder

Answer 22

• enter on caudodorsal wall
• area called trigone
• median and lateral ligaments

Question 23

what is different about kidney in:

pigs

Answer 23

• mid-lumbar region; R does not contact liver
• bean-shaped and flat

Question 24

what is different about kidney in:

ruminants

Answer 24

• L kidney is pendulous and covered in peritoneum, displaced to midline
• lobate

Question 25

T/F: all mammalian kidneys develop with individual lobes

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

lobate (multilobar) kidneys and species

Answer 26

unfused, individual lobes Ox

Question 27

intermediate fusion kidneys and species

Answer 27

cortex is fused but medulla has distinct lobes pig and humans

Question 28

unilobar kidneys and species

Answer 28

cortex and medulla fused horse, goat, sheep, carnivores

Question 29

the tip of the renal pyramid is called

Answer 29

renal papilla

Question 30

urine is caught by funnel-shaped portions of the proximal ureter called

Answer 30

minor calyces