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hematology > lecture 7 > Flashcards

lecture 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

are WBCs true cells? and why?

A

WBCs are true cells since they possess a nucleus

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2
Q

what are WBCs involved in?

A

defense mechanisms against foreign antigens

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3
Q

WBCs are divided into 2 major categories, what are they?

A
  • granulocytes
  • mononuclear cells
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4
Q

what are granulocytes? + name them

(everything uk about granulocytes and its contents)

A
  • cells that are characterized by prominent specific granules
  • these granules differ in pH
  • have a segmented nucleus
  • neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
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5
Q

what are mononuclear cells? + name them

A
  • cells that are characterized by an unsegmented single-rounded nucleus
  • monocytes, lymphocytes
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6
Q

is the mononuclear cells’ nucleus segmented or not?

A

no

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7
Q

what are neutrophils?

(stains, pH, color…)

A
  • posses neutral granules
  • stained by romanowsky stain
  • pink color

fiya tkun purple color kamen

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8
Q

what are eosinophils?

(stains, pH, color..)

A
  • possess basic granules
  • stained with acidic dye (eosin)
  • golden-yellow color

fiya tkun bright red in color kamen

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9
Q

what are basophils?

(stains, pH, color…)

A
  • posses acidic granules
  • stained with basic dye (methylene blue)
  • bluish-black color
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10
Q

who is the macrophage of the peripheral blood?

A

monocytes

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11
Q

what is the % of each leukocyte in PB?

A
  • neutrophils 40-65%
  • eosinophils 1-4%
  • basophils <1%
  • lymphocytes 25-40%
  • monocytes 2-8%
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12
Q

normally __% of neutrophils are segmented

A

2%

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13
Q

increase in number of neutrophils indicates what disease state:

A
  • bacterial infection
  • myelogenous leukemia
  • appendicitis
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14
Q

increase in number of eosinophils indicates what disease state:

A
  • allergic reaction
  • parasitic infestation
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15
Q

increase in number of basophils indicates what disease state:

A

malignancy such as CML

CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)

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16
Q

increase in number of lymphocytes indicates what disease state:

Study These Flashcards
A

viral infection

17
Q

increase in number of monocytes indicates what disease state:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • tuberculosis
  • brucellosis
  • typhoid
18
Q

do monocytes and lymphocytes both have cytoplasmic granules?

Study These Flashcards
A

no, only monocytes

19
Q

what is the differential count?

Study These Flashcards
A

test perfomed to differentiate between different types of WBCs per 100 WBCs

20
Q

what stain do we use in the differential count?

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A

wright and giemsa

21
Q

what is the procedure of the differential count?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • blood smear + dry
  • stain with wright and giemsa (blood coloration)
  • microscope at low magnification (to find good distribution of cells)
  • add a drop of oil
  • switch to oil immersion (high magnification)
  • count WBCs
22
Q

what does the presence of nucleated RBCs in PB signals?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • signals a regenerative response by the BM to anemia
  • accompanied by reticulocytosis
23
Q

why do we correct WBC count?

Study These Flashcards
A

since nucleated RBCs are counted by all hematology analyzers as WBCs => we need to correct

24
Q

what is the formula of corrected WBC count?

Study These Flashcards
A

corrected WBC = uncorrected WBC x 100 / nRBCs(per 100 wbc) + 100

25
what is the first recognizable cell in the myeloid series?
myeloblast
26
type 1 myeloblast key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* immature myeloblast * large cell * nucleus is large and rounded * chromatin is fine * 2-5 nucleoli * cytoplasm abundant and basophilic in color * no granules
27
what happens to the number of nucleoli as the cell becomes more mature?
decrease in nb
28
type 2 myeloblast key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* mature myeloblast * presence of primary granules * less nucleoli * chromatin becomes denser * cytoplasm less basophilic * capable of mitosis --> gives a promelocyte
29
in myeloblast type 1, primary granules should not exceed 15 in number | (T/F)
false, myeloblast type 2
30
promyelocyte key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* larger in size * chromatin little more condensed * 1-2 nucleoli * cytoplasm more abundant, but less basophilic * numerous primary granules are present * capable of mitosis --> gives a myelocyte
31
at what stage do the formation of primary granules stop?
promyelocyte stage
32
myelocyte key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* largest cell * nucleus round or oval * chromatin more condensed * rudimentary (very small) nucleolus not seen unless under an electron microscope * cytoplasm more abundant but has lost all of its basophilia (not bluish --> pinkish) * appearance of secondary granules (neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic) * fewer primary granules * undergo mitosis to give metamyelocyte
33
at what stage do we have the last mitotic division?
myelocyte stage | beyond this we have only maturation
34
metamyelocyte key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* cell is smaller * nucleus is cresent shape and to one side of the cell * secondary granules are more abundant, very few primary * will mature into a band cell
35
what is another name for the band cell?
unsegmented neutrophil/cell
36
what are the characteristics of the nucleus of a metamyelocyte? | kif shakla + location
* cresent shape * to one side of the cell
37
unsegmented neutrophil (band stage) key points | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* nucleus is at the periphery + band shaped * chromatin is significantly condensed * no nucleoli * few mitochondria and ribosomes * completely loaded with secondary granules, very few primary * matures into the final segmented form
38
neutrophil (final stage) | (size, chromatin, cytoplasm...etc)
* as band cell gets more mature --> starts undergoing segmentation * nucleus constricts and divides the band into 2 segments --> 3 --> 4 --> 5 segments max * lobes are connected by a threadlike filament that does not contain chromatin * very few primary granules, numerous specific granules

hematology (10 decks)

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