Lecture 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is maturation?
The brain aging and being effected by age
What is learning? (In psychology)
A change in behaviour (or behaviour potential) as a result of experience in the world.
What is unconditioned stimulus?
Food for a dog is unconditioned stimulus
What is conditioned stimulus?
Ringing a bell and a dog salivating because of conditioning the bell to food
What is delay conditioning?
Ringing the bell and then giving the food
What is trace conditioning?
Ring the bell, break, then giving food
What is simultaneous conditioning?
Ringing the bell and giving the food at the same time
What is backward conditioning?
Giving the food and then ringing the bell
What are 4 types of acquisition?
Delay, trace, simultaneous and backward conditioning
What is generalization?
When objects have similar characteristics as the conditioned stimulus
What is the law of effect?
The idea that behaviours followed by rewards are strengthened.
What is operant conditioning?
When frequency of behaviours are modified by their consequences this is operant conditioning.
What is the reinforcement contingency?
Consistent behaviour between behaviour and changes in environment
What are the two types of stimuli?
appetitive - rewarding
aversive - unpleasant
What is positive reinforcement?
Behaviour is followed by reward
What is negative reinforcement?
behaviour is followed by removal of unpleasant stimulus
Two kinds of negative reinforcement?
Escape conditioning (animal leaves situation to avoid unpleasant stimulus Avoidance conditioning (animal avoids situation to avoid unpleasant stimulus
What is a punisher?
Change in environment which follow behaviour and decreases probability of that behaviour occurring.
What is a positive punishment?
Behaviour is followed by unpleasant stimulus
What is negative punishment?
Behaviour is followed by removal of rewarding stimulus
What is discriminative stimuli?
Stimulus which indicates if reinforcers or punishers will follow
What is the three term contingency?
Discriminative stimulus, behaviour, consequence
Two types of reinforcers?
Primary (Born with)
Conditioned (Gained through environmental factors)
Two categories of reinforcement?
Ratio and Time, then fixed and variable receiving
