Lecture 7

Question 1

Which region of the tongue is the boundary between the body of the tongue and the root of the tongue?

Answer 1

The sulcus terminalis

Question 2

What is the general shape of the sulcus terminalis?

Answer 2

V shape

Question 3

What is located at the apex of the v-shaped sulcus terminalis?

Answer 3

Foramen cecum

Question 4

What proportion of the tongue is the body of the tongue? The root?

Answer 4

2/3 body; 1/3 root of tongue

Question 5

T/F Extrinsic muscles of the tongue have at least one attachment outside the tongue.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which tongue muscles are extrinsic?

Answer 6

Mylohyoid, palatoglossus, hyloglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus
Mnemonic: My Professor Has Stylish Glasses

Question 7

Muscles entirely within the tongue are called what?

Answer 7

Intrinsic muscles

Question 8

Intrinsic muscles can be described by what orientational terms?

Answer 8

Longitudinal, vertical, and transverse

Question 9

What cranial nerve provides motor control of the tongue

Answer 9

Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

Question 10

What are the three mucosal papillae found of the tongue?

Answer 10

Vallate, fungiform, and filiform

Question 11

Are the papillae of the tongue the taste buds?

Answer 11

No, but the papillae may contain taste buds

Question 12

The ventral surface of the tongue is covered with what kind of lining mucosa? The dorsal surface is covered with what kind of specialized mucosa?

Answer 12

Non-keratinized SSE. Regionally-keratinized SSE

Question 13

Which surface of the tongue contains papillae, taste buds, and glands?

Answer 13

The dorsal surface

Question 14

Of the four tongue papillae, which one does not have taste buds?

Answer 14

Filiform papillae

Question 15

The circumvallate (vallate) papillae generally have how many domed papillae?

Answer 15

7-12 papillae

Question 16

Where are foliate papillae found?

Answer 16

On the lateral edge of tongue

Question 17

Which tongue papillae are the smallest and most numerous?

Answer 17

Filiform

Question 18

Which papillae are conical shaped and highly keratinized?

Answer 18

Filiform (the ones that are like barbs on tongues large cats)

Question 19

Is geographic tongue a permanent condition?

Answer 19

No it is transient and may persist more than a month

Question 20

Which vitamin deficiency may be involved in the condition of geographic tongue?

Answer 20

Vitamin B

Question 21

Are smokers more or less likely to have geographic tongue?

Answer 21

Less likely

Question 22

Does the hairy tongue condition actually have hair?

Answer 22

No they are extremely long filiform papillae

Question 23

Which papillae are involved in the formation of hairy tongue?

Answer 23

Filiform papillae accumulate and elongate into hair like strands

Question 24

What treatment is available for the hairy tongue condition?

Answer 24

Good oral hygiene, brushing of the tongue, and sometimes trimming the elongated filiform papillae

Question 25

Which serous glands surround the circumvallate papillae and clear the cleft around the papillae?

Answer 25

von Ebner's glands

Question 26

Which papillae have parallel wrinkles on side of tongue?

Answer 26

Foliate

Question 27

Do foliate papillae usually have keratinization?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

Where do fungiform papillae contain taste buds? Foliate papillae? Circumvallate?

Answer 28

On the dorsal (top) surface. | Both foliate and circumvallate papillae contain taste buds on the lateral (side) epithelium.

Question 29

Which papillae usually surround fungiform papillae?

Answer 29

Filiform

Question 30

The fungiform papillae are white/pale post-mortem, however, they appear red in-vivo. Why is this?

Answer 30

Fungiform papillae have s highly vascularized CT core that projects very high up into the epithelium

Question 31

What direction do the highly keratinized filiform papillae point?

Answer 31

Towards the back of the tongue

Question 32

What are taste pores surrounded by at the surface epithelium?

Answer 32

Flattened keratinocytes

Question 33

What do taste pores have in their centers?

Answer 33

Skinny columnar taste cells

Question 34

What do taste cells have at their tips?

Answer 34

Sensory microvilli

Question 35

The sensory microvilli of taste cells are also called _____ cells, even though they are not made of _____

Answer 35

Hair; hair

Question 36

Which nerves directly innervate the sensory cells of the taste buds?

Answer 36

VII, IX, and X

Question 37

How long do taste cells live? Where do they go after they die?

Answer 37

Weeks. They fall out of the taste pores

Question 38

Which cells replace the exfoliating taste cells?

Answer 38

Basal cells that are stem cells that replace the columnar cells

Question 39

What would happen if all taste cells are exfoliated at the same time?

Answer 39

One would lose the sense of taste

Question 40

What are the five taste categories?

Answer 40

Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, and Umami

Question 41

Which tastes are transduced via channels? Which via receptors?

Answer 41

Salts and Acids are via channels Bitter, Umami, and Sweet via receptors Mnemonic: South American car Red BUS

Question 42

In addition to tongue papillae, where are taste buds also located?

Answer 42

Glossopalatine arch, soft palate, epiglottis, and the posterior wall of the pharynx

Question 43

Taste buds on the body of the tongue are innervated by which cranial nerve?

Answer 43

VII

Question 44

The root of the tongue including the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae are innervated by what cranial nerves?

Answer 44

IX, X

Question 45

T/F The lamina propria of the tongue contains both serous and mucous glands?

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What is the purpose of lingual tonsils?

Answer 46

To provide immunologic protection at the entrance of the digestive tract