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Craniofacial Embryology > Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Which region of the tongue is the boundary between the body of the tongue and the root of the tongue?

A

The sulcus terminalis

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2
Q

What is the general shape of the sulcus terminalis?

A

V shape

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3
Q

What is located at the apex of the v-shaped sulcus terminalis?

A

Foramen cecum

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4
Q

What proportion of the tongue is the body of the tongue? The root?

A

2/3 body; 1/3 root of tongue

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5
Q

T/F Extrinsic muscles of the tongue have at least one attachment outside the tongue.

A

True

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6
Q

Which tongue muscles are extrinsic?

A

Mylohyoid, palatoglossus, hyloglossus, styloglossus, and genioglossus
Mnemonic: My Professor Has Stylish Glasses

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7
Q

Muscles entirely within the tongue are called what?

A

Intrinsic muscles

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8
Q

Intrinsic muscles can be described by what orientational terms?

A

Longitudinal, vertical, and transverse

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9
Q

What cranial nerve provides motor control of the tongue

A

Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal)

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10
Q

What are the three mucosal papillae found of the tongue?

A

Vallate, fungiform, and filiform

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11
Q

Are the papillae of the tongue the taste buds?

A

No, but the papillae may contain taste buds

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12
Q

The ventral surface of the tongue is covered with what kind of lining mucosa? The dorsal surface is covered with what kind of specialized mucosa?

A

Non-keratinized SSE. Regionally-keratinized SSE

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13
Q

Which surface of the tongue contains papillae, taste buds, and glands?

A

The dorsal surface

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14
Q

Of the four tongue papillae, which one does not have taste buds?

A

Filiform papillae

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15
Q

The circumvallate (vallate) papillae generally have how many domed papillae?

A

7-12 papillae

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16
Q

Where are foliate papillae found?

A

On the lateral edge of tongue

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17
Q

Which tongue papillae are the smallest and most numerous?

A

Filiform

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18
Q

Which papillae are conical shaped and highly keratinized?

A

Filiform (the ones that are like barbs on tongues large cats)

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19
Q

Is geographic tongue a permanent condition?

A

No it is transient and may persist more than a month

20
Q

Which vitamin deficiency may be involved in the condition of geographic tongue?

A

Vitamin B

21
Q

Are smokers more or less likely to have geographic tongue?

A

Less likely

22
Q

Does the hairy tongue condition actually have hair?

A

No they are extremely long filiform papillae

23
Q

Which papillae are involved in the formation of hairy tongue?

A

Filiform papillae accumulate and elongate into hair like strands

24
Q

What treatment is available for the hairy tongue condition?

A

Good oral hygiene, brushing of the tongue, and sometimes trimming the elongated filiform papillae

25
Q

Which serous glands surround the circumvallate papillae and clear the cleft around the papillae?

A

von Ebner’s glands

26
Q

Which papillae have parallel wrinkles on side of tongue?

A

Foliate

27
Q

Do foliate papillae usually have keratinization?

A

No

28
Q

Where do fungiform papillae contain taste buds?
Foliate papillae?
Circumvallate?

A

On the dorsal (top) surface.

Both foliate and circumvallate papillae contain taste buds on the lateral (side) epithelium.

29
Q

Which papillae usually surround fungiform papillae?

A

Filiform

30
Q

The fungiform papillae are white/pale post-mortem, however, they appear red in-vivo. Why is this?

A

Fungiform papillae have s highly vascularized CT core that projects very high up into the epithelium

31
Q

What direction do the highly keratinized filiform papillae point?

A

Towards the back of the tongue

32
Q

What are taste pores surrounded by at the surface epithelium?

A

Flattened keratinocytes

33
Q

What do taste pores have in their centers?

A

Skinny columnar taste cells

34
Q

What do taste cells have at their tips?

A

Sensory microvilli

35
Q

The sensory microvilli of taste cells are also called _____ cells, even though they are not made of _____

A

Hair; hair

36
Q

Which nerves directly innervate the sensory cells of the taste buds?

A

VII, IX, and X

37
Q

How long do taste cells live? Where do they go after they die?

A

Weeks. They fall out of the taste pores

38
Q

Which cells replace the exfoliating taste cells?

A

Basal cells that are stem cells that replace the columnar cells

39
Q

What would happen if all taste cells are exfoliated at the same time?

A

One would lose the sense of taste

40
Q

What are the five taste categories?

A

Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, and Umami

41
Q

Which tastes are transduced via channels? Which via receptors?

A

Salts and Acids are via channels
Bitter, Umami, and Sweet via receptors

Mnemonic:
South American car
Red BUS

42
Q

In addition to tongue papillae, where are taste buds also located?

A

Glossopalatine arch, soft palate, epiglottis, and the posterior wall of the pharynx

43
Q

Taste buds on the body of the tongue are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

VII

44
Q

The root of the tongue including the taste buds of the circumvallate papillae are innervated by what cranial nerves?

A

IX, X

45
Q

T/F The lamina propria of the tongue contains both serous and mucous glands?

A

True

46
Q

What is the purpose of lingual tonsils?

A

To provide immunologic protection at the entrance of the digestive tract

Craniofacial Embryology (10 decks)

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