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P&P > Lecture 7-8 > Flashcards

Lecture 7-8 Flashcards

1
Q

What are common pitfalls in monitoring parameters

A

Lag
Momentum
Variation
Bias

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2
Q

Type 1 error

A

False positive

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3
Q

Type 2 error

A

False negative

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4
Q

For screening, is it better to have tests that are sensitive or specific

A

Sensitive

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5
Q

Describe the anatomy of the bovine udder

A

4 quarters separated by connective tissue
Rear quarters produce more milk than front quarters
Pathogens cannot move between quarters

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6
Q

What do alveolar cells do

A

Synthesize and secrete milk

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7
Q

What is milk let down

A

Oxytocin induced contraction of myoepithelial cells

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8
Q

How much milk is stored in alveoli

A

60%

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9
Q

How much milk is in the ducts?

What about the gland cistern?

A

20% each

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10
Q

When will oxytocin peak

A

1 min after stimulation if 1-14 DIM

2 min after stimulation if more than 35 DIM

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11
Q

What protects the teat

A

Skin
Inner and outer sphincters
Keratin plug

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12
Q

What is the SCC of a healthy gland

A

Less than 100,000

Cells are mostly macrophages

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13
Q

What is the SCC of infected gland

A

Greater than 200,000

Cells are mostly neutrophils

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14
Q

Describe peracute mastitis

A

5 cardinal signs (redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function)
Systemic signs
Fast progression and death

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15
Q

Describe acute mastitis

A

5 cardinal signs

Mild depression and fever

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16
Q

Describe subacute mastitis

A

Subdued signs of inflammation

Most common presentation of clinical mastitis

17
Q

Describe subclinical mastitis

A

Inflammation in the absence of gross signs (high SCC)

Most common presentation of mastitis

18
Q

Describe chronic mastitis

A

Persistence of inflammation for weeks/months

19
Q

What are the contageous pathogens of mastitis

A

Strep agalactiae
Staph aureus
Mycoplasma

20
Q

What are the environmental pathogens associated with mastitis

A 
Strep uberis
Strep dysgalactia
Coagulase negative staph
Trueperella pyogenes
Coliforms ( e coli, klebsiela, serratia, pseudomonas)
21
Q

Describe staph aureus

A 
Moderate increase in SCC
Small shedding in milk
Inflammation mediated by coagulases, alpha beta and e hemolysis
Poor response to treatment
Segregate and cull
22
Q

Describe strep agalactiae

A

Doesn’t invade parenchymal tissue
Inflammation mostly subclinical
Blocks collecting ducts
Leads to involution of mammary tissue and decreases milk production
Marked increase in SCC
Susceptible to ampicillin, cephapirin, pirlimycin

23
Q

Describe mycoplasma

A

Inflammation mostly subclinical
Coffee grounds milk
Not responsive to treatment- segregate and cull

24
Q

Describe strep uberis

A

Acute and chronic mastitis similar to strp agalactiae

25
Q

Describe strep dysgalactia

A

Infections associated with teat injury

26
Q

Describe coliforms

A

Peracute to acute mastitis

Increased incidence of death and agalactia compared to other pathogens esp klebsiella

27
Q

Cow risk factors for mastitis

A

Immunosuppression during early lactation (stress and cortisol levels high, negative nutrient balance, oxidative stress)
Impact of elevated production around peak lactation (loss of teat canal integrity and milk leakage)

28
Q

When are high risk periods for cows getting mastitis

A

-During dry off when production declines and cows are not being milked so pressure from milk builds up causing milk leakage
Death of secretory cells and active tissue remodeling
Failure to form keratin plug

-when they start producing colostrum

29
Q

What are the steps in the milk parlor

A
  1. Clean and stimulate and remove foremilk
  2. Disinfect with contact time of 30 seconds
  3. Lag time to allow oxytocin peak
  4. Attach milking machine to clean/dry teats
  5. Milk
  6. Detach machine and post dip
30
Q

What is the three strike rule

A

Do not treat a quarter over 3 times within a lactation
Do not treat a cow with 3 high SCC in a row

Other non treatment considerations- old cow, multiple diseases, multiple quarters (mycoplasma)

31
Q

Which bacteria should you not treat

A

Gram negatives- they clear on their own and can cure spontaneously

P&P (6 decks)

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