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DPT 803: Neurobio 2 > Lecture 7- ANS > Flashcards

Lecture 7- ANS Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus

A

center of central ANS
metabolism and reproduction

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2
Q

what is the paraventricular nucleus

A

in the hypothalamus
center of center
produces oxytocin

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3
Q

what is the higher level control system and what makes it up

A

limbic system
OFC, amgydala

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4
Q

where does the visceral sensory go through

A

brainstem nuclei and spinal cord

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5
Q

which of the extra-hypothalamus are closed loop and open loop and why

A

limbic- open due to internal cues
visceral sensory- closed due to external cues

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6
Q

what is the function of the anteromedial zone of hypothalamus

A

parasympathetic and enteric

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7
Q

what is the function of the laterocaudal zone of hypothalamus

A

cardiovascular/ sympathetic

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8
Q

what central ANS descending tract starts in the paraventricular nucleus

A

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

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9
Q

what central ANS descending tract starts from the higher control centers

A

medial forebrain bundle

(OFC, amygdala, etc)

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10
Q

what central ANS descending tract starts in the tegmentum of the brainstem

A

mammillotegmental tract

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11
Q

what is the pathway for the descending central ANS tracts

A

their starting points
1. mesencephalic reticular formation
2. pontine reticular formation
3. raphe nuclei

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12
Q

where is the ending points for the descending central ANS tracts

A

DLF and MFB is throughout spinal cord
Mammilotegmental is the brainstem

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13
Q

how does the somatic motor system work

A

1 cell
lower motor neuron in ventral horn
skeletal m
NMJ

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14
Q

how does the visceral motor system work

A

2 cell system
1. preganglionic neuron (para and symp)
2. ganglionic neuron- lower motor neuron
smooth m and cardiac m and glands
bead like synapse along axon terminal

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15
Q

what is a divergence synapse in a ganglia

A

one preganglionic axon synapses with multiple 2nd cells

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16
Q

what is a convergence synapse in a ganglia

A

multiple preganglionic axon on one 2nd cell

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17
Q

where is the first order neuron of the sympathetic arm

A

lateral/intermdiolateral horn in sp cord
T1-L2
laminae VII

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18
Q

what is the 2nd order neuron of the sympathetic arm

A

paravertebral- same segment or multiple

or

prevertebral- splanchnic nerve

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19
Q

what is the greater sphlanchnic n

A

T5-9
foregut

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20
Q

what is the lesser sphlanchnic n

A

T10-11
midgut

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21
Q

what is the least sphlanchnic n

A

T12
adrenal gland and kidney

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22
Q

what is the lumbar sphlanchnic n

A

L1-2
hindgut

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23
Q

what is the sympathetic neck innervation

A

merge into sp n and follow arteries

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24
Q

what is the sympathetic head innervation

A

hike common carotid first then hoke CN V division branches

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25
Q

what is horners syndrome

A

compression of sympathetic trunk around neck must commonly by pancoast tumor

26
Q

what are the most common S&S of horners syndrome

A

partial ptosis
constriction of pupil
red face without sweating - paradoxical sign

27
Q

what m controls ptosis

A

superior tarsal

28
Q

what m controls constriction of pupil

A

sphinctor pupillae - CN III

29
Q

what is the first order neuron of parasympathetic arm

A

brainstem and sacral sp cord

30
Q

what is the 2nd order neuron of parasympathetic arm

A

4 ganglia in head
1. CN III- ciliary
2. CN VII- pterygopalatine/submandibular
3. CN IX- otic
vagus n- neck/thoracic to midgut
pelvic sphlanchnic n- hindgut to pelvic organs

31
Q

what CN provides the independent visceral pathway

A

CN IX for carotid sinus and body

32
Q

what does the independent visceral pathway follow

A

visceral motor pathway which is made of CN X motor and sp cord level depedent

33
Q

where does CN X motor go to

A

caudal solitary nucleus and ascend

34
Q

what is visceral pain

A

mainly through c fibers
diffuse until it touches the somatic wall and irritates Ad

35
Q

what is referral pain

A

feels the pain where the visceral senses enter the CNS

36
Q

what is unique to the sympathetic system

A

increase metabolism
tonic= active all the time
freeze, fight, flight
adrenal gland
skin, kidney, blood vessels

37
Q

what is unique to the parasympathetic system

A

decrease metabolism
phasic= on/off
rest and digest
ciliary body and sphinctor pupillae m

38
Q

what do both parasympathetic and sympathetic functions have in common

A

reproduction

39
Q

where in the sympathetic NS does the bdy decrease temperature and produce sweat

A

anterior nucleus of hypothalamus

40
Q

how does the sympathetic system control the circadian rhythm when the lights are on

A

retinal ganglion activate suprachiasmatic nucleus that inhibits sympathetic neurons releasing no melatonin causing alertness

41
Q

how does the sympathetic system control the circadian rhythm when the lights are off

A

the tonic sympathetic system activates the pineal gland to release melatonin

42
Q

what neurotransmitter does the 1st cell release in what receptor

A

ACh in nicotonic receptor in post synaptic membrane which is a ligand ionotropic receptor

43
Q

Once the first cell releases, what does the second sympathetic cell release

A

releases NE neurotransmitter to amplify the medulla of the adrenal gland to release hormones (epinephrine and NE) these are adrenergic receptors (metabotropic)

44
Q

Once the first cell releases, what does the second parasympathetic cell release

A

will release ACh as a neurotransmitter but in muscarinic receptor (Metabotrpic)

45
Q

what is does the ANS medication cholingeric drugs do

A

help the parasympathetic nervous system

slow HR, helps void urine, salivation, pupil constriction

46
Q

what is does the ANS medication anticholingeric drugs do

A

works against the parasympathetic system

retention urine, increase HR, dry mouth, pupil dilation

47
Q

what is the function of the ENS

A

interstitial cell- pace maker of enteric system
peristalsis- contraction of proc lumen, distention, dilation of distal lumen

48
Q

where is the visceral sensory center

A

nucleus of solitary tract

49
Q

what are the functions of the rostral and caudal nucleus in the solitary tract

A

r- relay special sensation of taste
c- all other visceral sensory input

50
Q

what holds all the respiratory and cardiovascular centers

A

brainstem

51
Q

why is the ANS so important

A

major vital signs are maintained
body temp- intra-hypothalamus nucleus
all other = brainstem

52
Q

how does orthostatic hypotension work

A

body position changes causing clood to pool in LE, BP is low

afferent- CN IX and X carotid and aortic sinus
efferent- CN X para and IML neurons sympathetic

53
Q

how does CN X function to stop the orthostatic hypotension

A

dorsal vagal nucleus= decrease cardiac m contraction
nucleus ambiguous= inhibits SA node to decrease HR

54
Q

what innervates the urinary bladder wall for inhibition and activation

A

detrusor m= smooth m
inhibition- sympathetic
activation- para

55
Q

what innervates the IUS for inhibition and activation

A

visceral motor control
act- sym
inhibition- para

56
Q

what innervates the EUS for inhibition and activation

A

somatic control
pudendal n S2-4

57
Q

what is physiological happening for the storage phase of the bladder

A

tonic sympathetic and somatic control
relax detrusor and contract both sphinctor

58
Q

what is physiologically happening for the micturition phase of the bladder

A

must activate through reflex
phasic parasym
contraction detrusor and relax both sphinctors

59
Q

what happens below the lesion in AD of SCI

A

blood vessel constriction
cold pale goosebump and sweating

60
Q

what happens above the lesion in AD for SCI

A

red hot NOOOOO sweating
increase BP by 20-40
HA

61
Q

what is physiologically happening above the lesion in AD for SCI

A

baroreceptor activated
CN X efferent to decrease HR/contraction
blood vessel dilation= no sweating

DPT 803: Neurobio 2 (9 decks)

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