Lecture 7 - Disease Prevention II - Health Promotion Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the WHO definition of health?
A resource for everyday life, not objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capabilities
What is the definition of public health?
Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society
What is health promotion?
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
What does health promotion represent?
Comprehensive social and political process
What actions does health promotion carry out?
Directed at strengthening skills/capabilities of individuals, Changing social/environmental/economic conditions to alleviate impact on public/individual health
What is essential to sustain health promotion action?
Participation
What does health promotion involve?
Clinical intervention (biomedical), Health education (traditional type health promotion (knowledge, attitude, behaviour, practice)), Healthy public policy (legal/fiscal/regulatory), community development (radical individuals setting their own agenda)
How can we see changes in the health of the popn?
Several determinants of health need to be addressed simultaneously
What is the Tannahill model?
Model for health promotion: Prevention, Protection and Education, all overlapping
What are the 4 types of prevention in the prevention circle in the Tannahill model?
Primordial, Primary, secondary, tertiary
Describe in more detail primordial prevention
Prevention of factors promoting emergence of lifestyle/behaviours/exposure that contribute to ^ risk of disease
Describe in more detail primary prevention
Actions preventing onset of disease, limiting exposure to RF by individual behaviour change and actions in community inc. Health promotion and specific protection
Describe in more detail secondary prevention
Halt progression once illness has established, early detection followed by prompt/effective treatment - special consideration of asymptomatic individuals
Describe in more detail tertiary prevention
Rehab of ppl with established disease to minimise residual disability/complications - qual of life action even if disease can’t be cured
What are the 2 main approaches to disease prevention?
High risk and popn
What is the high risk approach to disease prevention?
ID those in need - targeted rescue operation - then controlling exposure (reducing dust mites in house fr asthma)/providing protection against exposure (vaccination)
What is the population approach to disease prevention?
Recognition that the occurrence of common diseases and exposures reflect the behaviour and circumstances of society as a whole
What is the prevention paradox?
Many people exposed to a small risk may generate more disease than the few exposed to large risk->small benefit received by many ppl=total benefit is large BUT individual inconvenience may be high to the many when benefit may only be to a few
What are the strengths of a high risk approach?
Effective, efficient, Benefit:risk is favourable, appropriate to individual, easy to evaluate
What are the weaknesses of a high risk approach?
Palliative and temporary (large no. of disease missed), risk prediction isn’t accurate, limited potential, hard to change individual behaviours
What are the strengths of a popn approach?
Equitable (attributable risk may be high if lots of ppl exposed to low risk), Radical, large potential for popn, behavourally appropriate
What are the weaknesses of a popn approach?
Small adv to individual, poor motivation of subject/physician, benefit:risk worrisome
Where can health promotion operate?
Internationally, nationally (gov, ads, media), locally (GPs, hospitals, local authority, police, schools), individually (support groups, neighbourhood schemes, communities)
Who does health promotion impact upon?
Popn, community and individual
