LECTURE 72 - introduction to pediatrics Flashcards
(26 cards)
Describe the “pediatric” age range
birth - 18 years
Describe the “neonate” age range
0-28 days (1st month) of life
Describe a pre-term neonate
< 37 completed weeks (gestational age)
Describe a term neonate
37+ weeks gestational age (usually 40 weeks)
Describe the “corrected age” formula
corrected age = actual age (postnatal) - weeks/months born early
Solve for the corrected age of a “16-week old baby born at 28 weeks gestational age”
40 weeks expected gestation - 28 weeks actual gestation = 12 weeks premature
16 weeks (actual) - 12 weeks (early) = 4 weeks corrected age
Describe the “infant” age range
1 month-12 months (1st year)
Describe the “child” age range
1-11 years
Describe the “adolescent” age range
12-18 years
Describe growth charts
Tools for monitoring weight, lengths & head circumference
Helpful in assessing nutritional status
Different versions: boys, girls, special populations
Describe the use of growth charts
Plot weight and/or lengths with corresponding age
Line closest to plotted point = percentile
Describe a “normal” pediatric temperature
“Normal” temp ~ 36.5 - 37.5 C
100.4 F generally considered a fever
What is considered a “normal” urine output for pediatric patients?
≥ 1 mL/kg/hr
What is considered a “anuria” urine output for pediatric patients?
0 mL/kg/hr
What is considered a “oliguria” urine output for pediatric patients?
< 0.5 mL/kg/hr
Describe how creatinine clearance is calculated for pediatric patients
Bedside Schwartz:
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m 2) = 0.413 x (height in cm/SCr)
List resources that can be used to make appropriate dosing recommendations for pediatric patients
Lexi-Comp Pediatric
Neonatal Product (book, app, website)
When should pts be referred for fever?
< 3 months of age
Fever > 104 F (40 C)
If no improvement despite treatment
When should pts < 2 years of age be referred for fever?
fever for more than 24 hours
When should pts >/= 2 years of age be referred for fever?
fever for more than 72 hours
Describe the clinical picture of fever for peds pts
Neck stiffness, irritability, lethargy, vomiting/diarrhea, unexplained rash, immunocompromised, severe pain (headache, earache, sore), seizure, “looks sick”
Describe the potential absorption differences in peds pts vs adult pts
- Thinner skin layers in neonates → more topical absorption
- Maturing intestinal motility & generally slower rate of enteral absorption
- Increased gastric pH (more basic)
Describe the absorption implications of the increased gastric pH of peds pts
PO administration of acid-labile compounds (Penicillin G)
Greater bioavailability
PO administration of weak acids (phenobarbital)
Require relatively larger oral doses
Describe differences in distribution in peds pts vs adult pts
Increased total body water
Increased extracellular fluid
Decreased protein binding
