{ "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Organization", "name": "Brainscape", "url": "https://www.brainscape.com/", "logo": "https://www.brainscape.com/pks/images/cms/public-views/shared/Brainscape-logo-c4e172b280b4616f7fda.svg", "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/Brainscape", "https://x.com/brainscape", "https://www.linkedin.com/company/brainscape", "https://www.instagram.com/brainscape/", "https://www.tiktok.com/@brainscapeu", "https://www.pinterest.com/brainscape/", "https://www.youtube.com/@BrainscapeNY" ], "contactPoint": { "@type": "ContactPoint", "telephone": "(929) 334-4005", "contactType": "customer service", "availableLanguage": ["English"] }, "founder": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Andrew Cohen" }, "description": "Brainscape’s spaced repetition system is proven to DOUBLE learning results! Find, make, and study flashcards online or in our mobile app. Serious learners only.", "address": { "@type": "PostalAddress", "streetAddress": "159 W 25th St, Ste 517", "addressLocality": "New York", "addressRegion": "NY", "postalCode": "10001", "addressCountry": "USA" } }

Lecture 8 Flashcards

(47 cards)

1
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies located in the PNS that have similar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleus

A

collection of cell bodies located in the CNS that have similar function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

CNS

A

brain, spinal cord , cranium nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

PNS

A

Motor ( efferent ) Sensory ( afferent )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Afferent

A

Approach the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Efferent

A

Evades the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tract

A

bundle of CNS axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nerve

A

bundle of axons only in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Motor unit

A

lower motoneuron and its associated set of muscle fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lower motoneuron

A

Cell body in the ventral horm of the spinal cord and axon that innervates skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Upper motoneuron

A

have their cell bodies in the
forebrain/brainstem and
send their axons to activate lower motoneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Somatic

A

of the body / part of the body / things you control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Visceral

A

deep organs, guts inner organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Grey matter

A

Neuronal cell bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

White matter

A

neuronal cell axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensory function

A

Sensory function: receptors detect internal and external
stimuli, carrying this info to your brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Integrative function

A

NS processes sensory info by
analysing, storing and making decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Motor function

A

Upon integration, the NS elicits an
appropriate motor response, activating effectors
(muscles/glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Neurons are the parenchymal cell

A
  • Electrically excitable.
  • Use action potentials (impulse).
  • Stimulate/activate other neurons or target cells (muscle/gland).
20
Q

Action potential

A

Resting membrane potential -70 mV

21
Q

the synapse

A

Electrical vs Chemical Synapse

22
Q

Neuroglia CNS - Astrocyte

A

Astrocyte :
anchor neurons and blood vessels
regulate the Extracellular environment
Repair damaged tissue
facilitate the formation of the blood-brain barrier

feed neurons

23
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

The wall between the brain and the blood cells ( facilitated by astrocytes )

24
Q

Neurogilia CNS - Oligodendrocyte

A

Myelianate ( myelin sheath insulating ) specific axons in the CNS
makes signals faster
ie stubbing toe at night takes a while to feel pain

25
Neuroglia CNS - microglial cell
Acts as phagocytes fun fact brain doesn't have white blood cells so the microglial cells
26
Neuroglia CNS - Ependymal cell
- line cavities - cilia circulate fluid around brain and spinal cord some secrete this fluid
27
Schwann and satellite cells
28
The skin of the brain
- zero connective tissues in the brain - Meninges are like the skin of the brain -
29
Dura mater
outer part and folds of the dura mater help stabilise the position of the brain Dural folds produce venous sinuses to drain blood from the brain thick leather type
30
Arachnoid mater
looks like a spiderweb in microscope Holds in CSF
31
Pia mater
a contains nerves & blood vessels to nourish cells
32
Gyri
brain is folded prod
33
Sulci
34
Folding
35
Fun fact : Everyones brain does not look the same
there is weak association between folds in the brain and smartness
36
CNS has 4 main parts
37
Cerebrum has 5 lobes and 4 are related to the skull bones
38
5th lobe limibic lobe 6th lobe insula
39
Hemispheric specialisation
40
Cerebellum
Cerebellum –interactions between regions together coordinate movement * Ridges (folia) cover exterior cerebellar surface; separated by shallow sulci; increases surface area of region
41
Brainstem
one of the oldest components of the brain; vital to immediate survival * Nuclei control/function in – Basic homeostatic functions (heart rate and breathing rhythms) – Reflexes (programmed, automatic responses to stimuli) – Movement, sensation, and maintaining alertness
42
Ventricles
like a system of caves in the brain Laterals connect to the third ventricle and then run to the mesencephalic aqueduct and then go into the fourth ventricle CSF constantly flows through these ventricles starting from the lateral ventricles
43
CSF circulation
CSF starts producing from birth CSF is made by the choroid plexus Flows around the brain and spinal cord and is reabsorbed into venous circulation via arachnoid villi that pierce the dura Blockage produces hydrocephalus around 500 mls of CSF per day
44
Thalamus
gateway to the cortex from the rest of the nervous system It lies either side of the third ventricleIt receives input from all areas of the nervous system
45
Hypothalamus
Controls the ANS function This region controls hunger, thirst, sexual feelings, hormone and temperature regulation (basically, it regulates body homeostasis)
46
Basal Ganglia
collection of 5 nuclei involved in the initiation of movements
47
Corpus callosum
Brain hemispheres are connected by a bridge of axons called the corpus callosum Some people are actually born without one and recently some people used to have it cut out who had dangerous seizures people who have no corpus callosum may act like they have independent control of their two sides of the brain