Lecture 8 Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cartialge forming cells

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2
Q

Chondocytes

A

Cartilage- maintenance cells

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3
Q

ECM of cartilage

A

Collagen (mostly type 2)

Amourphous ground substance (proteoglycans)

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4
Q

Perichondrium

A

outer fibrous layer surrounding mass of cartilage (contains fibroblasts)

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5
Q

Inner chondrogenic layer

A

Gives rise to chondoblasts, which become chondrocytes

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6
Q

Chondrocytes are involved in

A

thep roduction of colalgen and proteoglycans in the matrix

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7
Q

Cartilage characteristics

A

Covered in perichondrium membrane
Avascular - slow to heal
Formed by chondoblasts, maintained by chondrocytes
Lacunae are pockets where chondroblasts and chondrocytes are found

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8
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common type
Type 2 collagen
Mostly involved in support
Associated with highly movable joints

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9
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth that occurs by adding more material to the outside of existing material

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10
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth that occurs by inserting additional material into the existing substance

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11
Q

Articular cartilage covering the ends of long bones does not possess a perichondrium, therefore

A

Cannot be repaired or replaced if it is damaged

Deteriorates due to aging or pathological processes

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12
Q

Cartilage tends to develop in regions of low

A

oxygen

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13
Q

Hyaline cartilage can be found in

A
Ears, nose 
Moveable joint surfaces
Larynx
Tracheal 
Bronchial 
Articular ends of bones
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14
Q

Elastic cartilage characteristics

A
Adds elastic fibers to matrix 
Surrounded by perichondrium membrane
Yellow 
Type 2 collagen 
Auricle (pinna) of ear
epiglottis
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15
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics

A
Increased collagen in matrix 
Less cells, more fibrous than hyaline 
NOT SURROUNDED BY PERICHONDRIUM 
Type 1 collagen 
Intervertebral disks, pubic pymphysis 
insertion of some tendons and ligaments
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16
Q

Bone tissue characteristics

A

Canalicular system (canals)
Highly vascular, found in close proximity to capillaries
Continually reabsorbed, reconstructed and remodeled
Formed by osteoblasts which become osteocytes
medullary cavity
periosteum membrane

17
Q

Volkmann canals

A

Extend from exterior of the bone to the bone matrix - perpendicular to surface

18
Q

Haversion canals

A

Extend from volkmann canals and run parallel to the long axis of the bone

19
Q

Canaliculi

A

Tiny canals that interconnect the lacunae with each other and with the haversion canals

20
Q

Bones grow by

A

appositional growth of hyaline cartilage, however bones can only grow interstitially

21
Q

Periosteum

A

Serves for attachment of muscles, tendons, ligaments

Does not cover articular surface

22
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Most bones contain a cavity filled with red or yellow marrow - red marrow contains hematopoietic tissue. yellow has fat in it

23
Q

Types of bone

A

Woven
Compact
Spongy

24
Q

Compact bone

A

Lacks cavities
Haversion system (concentric lamellae)
Osteocytes are found between lamellae within lacunae

25
Spongy bone
see also: Trabecular bone | 3d lattice of brancing, bony spicules intertwined to form trabeculae
26
Membrane bone formation
Bone is laid down in fibrous (collagen) CT matrix Osteoblasts use collagen fibers as framework Starts out spongy unless we add periosteum - appositional growth
27
Osteoblasts require what to lay down bone
Substrate - colalgen
28
Membrane bones do not
form complex articulations and surfaces for tendons and ligaments
29
Endochondral bone formation occurs within
Hyaline cartilage model. | Cartilage is replaced by bone
30
Steps of endochondral bone formation
Primary ossificaiton center becomes future diaphysis of cartilge model Chondocytes become hypertrophic - secrete vascular endothelial growth factor blood vessels break through perichoondrium Cartilage cells undergo apoptosis Osteoblasts use dead bodies as substrate for deposition of osteoid
31
Epiphyseal plate has three zones
Proliferative Hypertrophic Calcification of territorial matrix