Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

psycopathology > Lecture 8(block 2) Mood Disorders And Suicide Managenent 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 8(block 2) Mood Disorders And Suicide Managenent 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are depressive disorders?

A

Disorders that share in common low mood without abnormally high mood periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give examples of depressive disorders

A
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Persistent depressive disorder
  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
  • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the requirements of a diagnosis of Major Depressive disorder?

A

A person must experience atleast major depressive disorder

Person cannot have a history of mania or hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Major depressive disorder is a ….

A

Unipolar depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe a Major Depressive Episode

A

Atleast 2 weeks of 5 or more of the following, one or more must be depressed mood or anhedonia:

Affective- depressed mood, anhedonia

Neurovegetative- significant weight change, insomnia/hypersonia, loss of energy

Cognitive - psychomotor changes, feeling guilty/worthliness, decreased concentration, thoughts of death/ suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are major depressive disorder specifiers?

A

Used to provide further description of the depressive episode

-A patient may have more than 1 specifier(or none)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are Major depressive disorder specifier with melancholic features used for ?

A

Used for depressive episodes characterized by symptoms such as:

  • Severe anhedonia, lack of mood reactivity, profound despondency and guilt
  • Depression worse in the morning
  • Early-morning awakenings
  • Significant appetite loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of for major depressive disorder specifier with atypical features?

A

Used for depressive episodes characterized by symptoms such as:

  • Weight increase
  • Sleep increase
  • Mood reactivity
  • Leaden paralysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of Major depressive disorder specifier with psychotic features?

A

Used for depressive episodes characterized by hallucinations and/or delusions

  • With mood-congruent psychotic features: the content of delusions/hallucinations is consistent with typical depressive themes
  • With mood-incongruent psychotic features: the content of delusions/hallucinations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of Major depressive disorder specifier with catatonia?

A

Used for depressive episodes characterized by psychomotor symptoms such as:

  • Mutism
  • Immobility
  • Waxy flexibility
  • Stereotypes
  • Other odd posturing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Major depressive disorder specifier with Peri-Partum Onset

A

Used for depressive disorders in which the mood episodes begin during pregnancy or within 4 weeks post-delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Major depressive disorder with Seasonal Pattern

A

Used for depressive disorders that show a consistent temporal relationship between time of the year and the mood episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the general course of Major Depressive disorder?

A
  • Usually starts up in in 20s and lasts 6-12 months in duration if left untreated
  • Major Depressive Episodes are usually recurrent
  • 5-10% of patients develop mania after several MDEs (diagnosis will then change)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give the associated features of Major Depressive Disorder

A

-high psychiatric co-morbidity (e.g. substance dependence)

  • Increased mortality and morbidity
    - Approximately 15% commit suicide
    - Presence of MDD worsens medical condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give the common findings neurobiological theory of depression

A
  • A genetic predisposition for depression
  • HPA axis overactivation resulting in chronic cortisol release and Immune system activation
  • underactivity of monoamines( norepinephrine , serotonin, dopamine)
  • Underactivity of prefrontal cortex (prefrontal cortex not inhibiting overactive HPA axis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can be used to treat Major Depressive Disorder?

A
  • Cognitive Behavioral therapy
  • Antidepressant drugs
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • Vagus Nerve Stimulation
  • rTMS
  • Antidepressants
  • Esketamine
  • Phototherapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is phototherapy used for MDD treatment ?

A
  • Exposure to bright artificial light

- Used for seasonal pattern of MDD( seasonal affective disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is Esketamine used for MDD treatment ?

A

A nasal spray

  • Recently approved for treatment -resistant depression
  • Rapid Antidepressant effects
  • NMDA receptor blocker
19
Q

How does Esketamine help in the treatment of MDD?

A

Works as a NMDA receptor blockade

20
Q

How does ECT work in the treatment of MDD?

A
  • Induction of seizures

- Potential fast-acting reversal of mood episode

21
Q

How does VNS in MDD treatment?

A

Stimulates vagus nerve

22
Q

How does rTMS work in MDD treatment ?

A

Stimulates prefrontal cortex

23
Q

How does CBT work in treating MDD?

A

Correct biases in thinking (cognitive) and encourage behaviors associated with good mood( behavioral)

24
Q

What MDD treatment options take 4-6 weeks for effect?

A
  • CBT
  • Antidepressants
  • VNS
  • rTMS
25
What is the “Black Box Warning” of antidepressants?
Warning of antidepressants about the increased risk of suicide in people 24 years old or younger when taking them for depression or other psychiatric disorders
26
What are the diagnostic criteria of Persistent Depressive Disorder?
- Chronic depressed mood for 2 or more years | - the depressed mood could be in the form of a long-lasting MDE or dysthymia
27
What is the dysthymia?
Chronic depressed Mood and 2 or more of the following symptoms: - Poor appetite or overeating - Insomnia/hypersomnia - Low energy - Low self esteem - Trouble concentrating or making decisions - Feelings of Hopelessness
28
What is the purpose of PDD specifiers?
To describe the nature of their depression during the 2 year interval
29
Describe the specifier- PDD with persistent MDE
-Depression is characterized by a prolonged MDE
30
Describe the specifier -PDD with pure dysthymia syndrome
-Depression is characterized by prolonged dysthymia but no MDE occurs
31
Describe the specifier- PDD with intermittent MDEs
-Depression is characterized by dysthymia periods and MDEs
32
How to treat PDD with dysthymia subtype?
-CBT and/or antidepressant medications
33
How should PDD be treated with MDE subtypes(either intermittent or persistent )?
- CBT and/or antidepressants | - Depending of severity and treatment-resistance of MDE, more invasive techniques are used (e.g. ECT)
34
What symptoms MUST BE INCLUDED in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
- Present in the week before menses onset - Improve a few days after menses onset - Minimizes in the week post-menses
35
What symptoms MAY BE included in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)?
- Mood lability, irritability, dysphoria and anxiety symptoms - Anhedonia, problem concentrating, lethargy, appetite and sleep change, physical symptoms (e.g. breast tenderness, weight gain)
36
How is clinical significance relevant in PMDD diagnosis ?
Symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or functional impairment - Symptoms are more than just “pre-menstrual syndrome” - Validated clinical scales are used to confirm the diagnosis
37
How can PMDD be treated ?
Several SSRIs are approved for PMDD
38
What are the core features of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder(DMDD)?
- Severe temper outbursts 3 times a week - Sad, irritable or angry mood almost every day - Reaction is disproportionate to the situation - Symptoms are present in multiple settings
39
Explain the timelines of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
- Child must be atleast 6 years old - Symptoms must begin before age 10 - Not diagnosed after age 18
40
Why is DMDD argued to not be a valid diagnostic entity?
- DMDD diagnosis was developed for DSM-5 so a child’s irritability won’t be mislabeled as a part of bipolar disorder - Some argue DMDD behaviors are that of Opposition Defiant disorder - mislabeling DNDD children with depression would be just as inaccurate and lead to ineffective treatment - Etiology, course, management are unknown
41
What is the Mnemonic for the MDE?
SIG: Energy CAPSules S: sleep change I: interest loss G: guilt E: energy problem C: concentration is poor A: appetite change P: psychomotor changes S: suicidal ideation
42
What are the clusters into which MDE symptoms can be categorized?
Affective Neurovegetative Cognitive
43
Give examples of MDD with psychotic features
Psychotic content : paranoid delusion “people want me dead” Diagnosis MDD with mood congruent psychotic features Ex 2 Psychotic content: grandiose delusion “I am the queen of England” Diagnosis: MDD with mood incongruent psychotic features
44
What is the warning about antidepressant drugs?
There is a “black box” warning on antidepressants about the increased risk of suicide in people aged under or equal to 24 years old when taking these drugs

psycopathology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions