lecture 8 - data ethics and intro to big data

Question 1

data privacy definition:

Answer 1

The rights of individuals and organisations to determine access to data about themselves.

Question 2

what is data privacy protected by:

Answer 2

• privacy act 1989
• ACS privacy policy

Question 3

Data Governance Definition

Answer 3

Data governance is the overall framework outlining roles, processes and policies for data management.
- the creation, collection, storage, use, protection and disposal of data

Question 4

Benefits of data governance

Answer 4

• enhanced operational efficiency
• enhanced decision making
• increased competitive advantage ( transparency + public trust )
• Supports regulatory and compliance management
• fosters culture of accountability around data management

Question 5

data ethics

Answer 5

Data ethics applies those moral principles specifically to the use, sharing, and management of data.

Question 6

data ethics governs how data is:

Answer 6

1. collected
2. stored
3. analysed
4. shared

Question 7

principles of data ethics:

Answer 7

1. privacy
2. ownership
3. transparency
4. intention
5. outcomes

Question 8

professional ethics

Answer 8

• Govern behavior in professional roles.
• Examples: ACM Code of Ethics, BCS Code of Conduct.

Question 9

consequentialism

Answer 9

Focuses on outcomes; an action is right if it leads to good consequences.

Question 10

deontology

Answer 10

Emphasises duties and rules regardless of outcomes.

Question 11

care ethics

Answer 11

Will it create good relationships?

Question 12

virtue ethics

Answer 12

Centres on character and moral virtues rather than rules or outcomes.

Question 13

DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE commands for managing access

Answer 13

• grant
• revoke
• deny

Question 14

grant command

Answer 14

is used to give user
access privileges to a
database

Question 15

revoke comand

Answer 15

is used to revoke
authorisation / take back permissions

Question 16

deny

Answer 16

NOT IMPLEMENTED IN ORACLE SQL
explicitly prevents a
user from receiving a
particular permission

Question 17

common privileges in dcl

Answer 17

• select
• insert
• update
• delete
• all
• execute ( for pl/sql procedural language )

Question 18

DCL command - Revoke:

Answer 18

Used to revoke authorisation, i.e., take
back permissions from the user

Question 19

Big Data

Answer 19

Refers to large and diverse collection of unstructured, structured and semi-structured data that continues to grow exponentially over time.

Question 20

relational model vs big data model

Answer 20

relational scehema: data structure is defines before data is written

big data schema: data structure is applied when data is read / queried

Question 21

3Vs MUST be present in big data are:

Answer 21

Volume
Velocity
Variety

Question 22

Volume

Answer 22

The quantity of data to be stored

Question 23

Velocity

Answer 23

Speed at which data is entering the system

Question 24

Variety

Answer 24

Variations in structure of the data to be stored.

Question 25

feedback loop processing

Answer 25

analysis of data to produce actionable results

Question 26

scaling up

Answer 26

keeping the same no. of systems BUT migrate each to a larger system - but storage issue

Question 27

scaling out

Answer 27

when the workload exceeds server capacity it gets spread out over a number of servers.

Question 28

structured data

Answer 28

data types that clearly defined, be stored, accessed and processed in a FIXED format.

Question 29

example of structured data

Answer 29

- data stored in a table in a normalised database - is easily searched and retrieved

Question 30

unstructured data

Answer 30

- anything not described as structured data - EXAMPLES: free text, videos, images - driver of big data --> analysing unstrucyred social media data

Question 31

semi structured data examples

Answer 31

- Markup Language XML, - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) - Open Standard JSON

Question 32

Challenges of Big Data:

Answer 32

- storage ( requires sacalable systems ) - processing - security and privacy

Question 33

applicatuons of big data

Answer 33

Healthcare (predictive analytics) Finance (fraud detection) Retail (customer behavior analysis) Social media (trend analysis)