Lecture 8 Diagnosis Of Anaemia Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is anaemia
Condition where the number of RBC or their o2 carrying capabilities are insufficient to need physiological needs
How does the body react to anaemia
↑ CO
↑ O2 intake
Produce more RBC
Work out the signs and symptoms of anaemia using the body’s responses to ↓ O2 getting to body
Palpitations ↑ CO
Faintness ↓ o2 to brain
Pallor
Tiredness ↓ o2 to muscles
Dyspnoea ↑ need for o2 in respiration
What is thalassemia
The RBC have ↓ haemoglobin than normal
Inherited
How does coeliac disease cause iron deficient anaemia
Coeliac disease is where the body destroys intestinal tissue in response to gluten
↓ iron uptake as the GI tract is damaged
Why is thalassemia microcystic anaemia
↓ haemoglobin production
↓ MCV so cells are smaller
What type of anaemia is iron deficiency
Micro cystic anaemia
↓ uptake of iron= ↓ size of cell
↓ cell haemoglobin as iron needed for haem production
What does low ferritin levels show for anaemia
Probably iron deficient anaemia as iron is stored in ferritin
Shortened lifespan of RBC in thalassemia is caused by
The cessation of production of either ɑ or β chains. Leading to micro cystic cells and cell destruction.
What causes sickle cell crisis
↓ levels of oxygen, causing HbS to form rope like structures
What vascular problem can sickle cell anaemia lead to
Vascular occlusion due to adherence of sickle cells to endothelium.
Why would we find high reticulocyte in the blood film?
This could be due to
- haemolytic anaemia
- blood loss
Types of diseases which cause haemolytic anaemia
Sickle cell disease
Thalassaemia
What factor is necessary for the absorbtion of B12
Intrinsic factor
Decreased levels of intrinsic factor due to autoimmune destruction of the protein leads to which type of anaemia
Pernicious anaemia (B12 deficiency)
Pernicious anaemia is a deficiency of what
B12
Where is EPo produced and under what conditions
Kidneys
Hypoxic conditions
↑ RBC production in bone marrow
What is polycythemia
Increased levels of RBC
Which factor stimulates the release of EPO in kidneys
HIF (hypoxia inductible factor)
Kidney disease will have what effect on blood
↓ epo production
↓ RBC production in bone marrow
Normocytic anaemia
What is red cell aplasia
↓ production of RBC
How does parvovirus cause aplasia of RBC
It prevents RBC production
Which anaemia is caused by failure to produce haem
Iron deficiency
Which anaemias is due to failure to produce globin chains
Thalassemia
Sickle cell
