Lecture 8: Plant Diversity I

Question 1

Veridiplantae Members and SDT

Answer 1

All green “plants”-green algae and plants
Includes chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants
SDT: cellulose in cell wall

Question 2

Streptophyta Members

Answer 2

Charophytes and land plants

Question 3

Charophytes

Answer 3

-gives rise to land plants
-lives at edges of ponds

Question 4

Streptophyta SDTs

Answer 4

1. streptopollenin
   -polymer that surrounds zygote
   -prevents desiccation
2. structure of flagellated sperm
3. cell plate

Question 5

SDT of Land Plants

Answer 5

1. Alternation of Generations
2. Multicellular Dependent Embryos
3. Walled spores
4. Gametangia
5. Apical Meristems
6. Cuticle
7. Stomata

Question 6

1. Alteration of Generations

Answer 6

-Every other generation
-n–>2n–>n–>2n
-Two multicellular life stages
1. Haploid gametophyte
2. Diploid sporophyte

Question 7

2. Multicellular Dependent Embryo

Answer 7

-Plant plants are all embryophytes
-2n embryo retrained within the tissye of female gametophyte

Question 8

Haploid gametophyte

Answer 8

produces gametes by mitosis

Question 9

Diploid sporophyte

Answer 9

produces spores by meosis

Question 10

3. Walled Spores

Answer 10

-produced in sporangia
-spore walls contains sporopollenin
-resistant to harsh conditions

Question 11

Sporangia

Answer 11

-diploid(2n) container where spores are formed

Question 12

Sporocytes

Answer 12

Diploid cells(2n) that undergo meiosis to produce 4 haploid(n) cells

Question 13

Spores

Answer 13

haploid reproductive cells

Question 14

4.Gametangia

Answer 14

multicellular gamete producing organs

Question 15

Two types of Gametangia

Answer 15

1. archegonia: produce eggs, site of fertilization
2. antheridia: produce and release sperm

Question 16

5. Apical Meristems

Answer 16

-are localized regions of cell division at tips of roots and shoots
-plants don’t move, but do elongate

Question 17

6. Cuticle

Answer 17

-waxy covering over all above-ground parts
-prevents desiccation
-provides protection from microbes
-does not allow for gas exchange

Question 18

7. Stomata

Answer 18

-tiny openings on surface that can open and close
-allow for gas exchange
-allow for water evaporation

Question 19

Vascular

Answer 19

-tubes for transport water and nutrients
-can grow tall

Question 20

Nonvascular Plants

Answer 20

-Brophytes: mosses and relatives
-lack specialized vascular systems
-paraphyletic

Question 21

Vascular plants

Answer 21

-includes both seedless and seed plants
-includes ferns and related plants
-paraphyletic

Question 22

Two types of seed plants

Answer 22

1. gymnosperm
2. angiosperm

Question 23

Gymnosperm

Answer 23

-“naked seed”
-seeds not enclosed in a chamber
-ex: conifers

Question 24

Angiosperm

Answer 24

-“container seed”
-flowering plants
-seeds enclosed in fruit
-most dominant type of plant

Question 25

Non-vascular plants characteristics(Brophytes)

Answer 25

-some tissues -no true roots -transport osmosis only -must stay wet

Question 26

Gametophyte

Answer 26

gamete-forming plant(haploid)

Question 27

Antheridium

Answer 27

sperm-producing structure

Question 28

Archegonium

Answer 28

egg-producing structure

Question 29

Sporophyte

Answer 29

spore-forming plant(diploid)

Question 30

Importance of Mosses

Answer 30

-help retain nitrogen in the soil -important fuel source -important C resevoir

Question 31

SDT of Vascular Plants

Answer 31

1. Sporophyte 2. Transport in vascular tissue-have lignin 3. Roots 4. Leaves 5. Sporophylls

Question 32

Lignin

Answer 32

-polymer in cell walls of water-conducting cells -enables tall growth

Question 33

Roots

Answer 33

-organs that absorb water and nutrients from soil -anchor plants-->allows for taller growth

Question 34

Leaves

Answer 34

primary photosynthetic organs that increase surface area

Question 35

Sporophylls

Answer 35

modified leaves with sporangia