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MSK 100 Test 2 > Lecture 8: Posterior Forearm muscles & Muscles of the hand > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Posterior Forearm muscles & Muscles of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

What are the posterior forearm compartment (extensor-supinator) muscles?

A

Superficial layer:
-Brachioradialis
-Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
-Extensor digitorum
-Extensor digit minimi
-Extensor carpi ulnaris
-Anconeus

Deep layer:
-Supinator
-Abductor pollicis longus
-Extensor pollicis longus & brevis
-Extensor indicis

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2
Q

What are the primary actions of the Posterior (extensor-supinator) compartment of the forearm?

A

-Supination of the forearm
-If muscles cross the wrist=Extension of wrist
-If the muscles cross the digits= Extension of digits

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3
Q

Origin & Insertion of Brachioradialis (BR):

A

O: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

Innervation: Radial nerve

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4
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL):

A

O: Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

I: Base of 2nd metacarpal bone (index finger)

Innervation: Radial nerve

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5
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB):

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

I: Base of 3rd metacarpal bone (middle finger)

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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6
Q

What three muscles make up the mobile wad of 3?

A

BR
ECRL
ECRB

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7
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Digitorum (ED):

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

I: Distal & middle phalanges of fingers #2-5 (via its digital expansion)

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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8
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor digiti minimi (Edm):

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon)

I: Middle & distal phalanges of little finger (via its dorsal digital expansion)

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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9
Q

The extensor tendons flatten to form ________________ on the dorsal aspect of the digits.

A

dorsal digital expansions (extensor hoods)

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10
Q

Triangular tendinous aponeurosis that wrap around the metacarpophalangeal joints & extend along the proximal & middle phalanges across two interphalangeal joints to attach to distal phalanx.

A

Interossei & lumbrical muscles attach to their sides.

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11
Q

During flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints by the lumbrical & interossei muscles, the proximal & distal interphalangeal joints are pulled by ______________into nearly complete __________.

A

-Extensor expansions
-Extension

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12
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU):

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus (via common extensor tendon), Posterior border of ulna

I: Base of 5th metacarpal bone

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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13
Q

Origin & Insertion of Anconeus:

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Olecranon process of ulna, Proximal of posterior surface of ulna

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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14
Q

Origin & Insertion of Supinator:

A

O:
1) supinator crest of ulna
2) Lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Proximal 1/3 of lateral surface of radius

Innervation: Radial nerve

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15
Q

Which forearm muscle does the deep branch of the radial nerve pass through?

A

Between the two heads of the supinator

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16
Q

Origin & Insertion of Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL):

A

O: The middle of the radius, ulna, & interosseous membrane

I: Base of the 1st metacarpal

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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17
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB):

A

O: Distal 1/3 of posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane

I: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Radial nerve

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18
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL):

A

O: Middle 1/3 of ulna & interosseous membrane

I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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19
Q

Origin & Insertion of Extensor Indicis (EI):

A

O: Distal 1/3 of posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane

I: Dorsal digital expansion of the 2nd finger

Innervation: Radial Nerve

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20
Q

What tendons make up the anatomical snuff box?

A

Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)

Extensor pollicis Longus (gets drawn up with the other two)

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21
Q

What two bones form the floor between the anatomical snuff box?

A

Scaphoid, & trapezium

22
Q

What artery runs through the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery (deep to the extensor tendons of the thumb)

23
Q

Forceful & repeated bending of the wrist & fingers that cause tiny ruptures of the flexor tendon is called what?

A

Medial epicondylitis (Golf Elbow)

Repeated bending at the wrist, gripping, grasping no turning of the hand.

Made worse by flexing the wrist.

24
Q

A condition when the common extensor tendon becomes painful and tender, usually as a result of a specific strain or overuse.

A

Lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

25
Q

Damage to the posterior nerve of the brachial plexus (Radial Nerve Injury)

1) What terminal branches would be affected?

2) What muscles would be affected?

3) What movements would be affected?

4) What sensory deficits might be present?

5) What long-term deficits might occur?

A

1) Axillary, medial, & radial

2) Deltoid, Teres Minor, Distal triceps, anconeus, superficial and deep layers of forearm muscles
(confirmed by testing strength muscles and comparing bilaterally)

3) Weakness in abduction and external rotation of shoulder. Loss of extension: Elbow, wrist & fingers. Weakness in supination.

4) Loss of sensation to lateral aspect of shoulder, posterior forearm and lateral 3.5 digits (dorsal surface)

5) “Wrist drop” deformity & deltoid atrophy

26
Q

What three parts is the hand composed of?

A

Wrist (carpus), The hand proper (metacarpus) & the fingers (digits)

27
Q

Show the movements of the hand:

A

Practice with your own hand

28
Q

Has been formed by the carpal bones. It is directed anteriorly and has been changed to a tunnel.

A

Carpal Arch (carpal tunnel)

29
Q

The carpal tunnel is created by the attachment of what?

A

Retinaculum to the sides of the tunnel.

30
Q

How many tendons run through the carpal tunnel?

A

Nine tendons (FDS,FDP, & FPL)

31
Q

What nerve runs through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

32
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand are?

A

1) Thenar
2) Hypothenar
3) Central

33
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand are innervated by which nerve?

A

Median and/or ulnar

34
Q

What is the aponeurosis covering the anterior portion of the hand?

A

Palmar Aponeurosis

35
Q

What muscles are part of the thenar group?

A

Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB)
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB)
Opponens Pollicis (OP)

36
Q

Origin & Insertion of Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB):

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, Tubercle of scaphoid, Tubercle of trapezium

I: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Median

37
Q

Origin & Insertion of Flexor Pollicis Brevis (FPB):

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium

I: Lateral side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: superficial head-Median nerve
deep head-ulnar nerve

38
Q

Origin & Insertion of Opponens Pollicis (OP):

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, trapezium

I: 1st metacarpal

Innervation: Median nerve

39
Q

Name all the muscles of the hypothenar group:

A

Palmaris brevis
Abductor digiti minimi (ADM)
Flexor digiti minimi brevis (FDMB)
Opponens Digiti Minimi

40
Q

What nerve innervates the hypothenar group?

A

Ulnar nerve

41
Q

Origin & Insertion of Palmaris brevis (PB):

A

O: Palmar aponeurosis

I: Skin of the medial side of the hand

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

42
Q

Origin & Insertion of Abductor Digiti Minimi (ADM):

A

O: Pisiform
I: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

43
Q

Origin & Insertion of Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis (FDMB):

A

O:Flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate

I: Medial side of the base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

44
Q

Origin & Insertion of Opponens Digiti Minimi:

A

O: Flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate

I: 5th metacarpal bone

Innervation: Ulnar nerve

45
Q

What muscles are in the central group of intrinsic muscles?

A

Adductor Pollicis (AP)
Lumbrical Muscles
Dorsal Interosseous muscles
Palmar Interosseous muscles

46
Q

Origin & Insertion of Adductor Pollicis (AP):

A

O: Oblique head-Base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal bones, capitate
Transverse head-Anterior surface of 3rd metacarpal bone

I: Both heads-Medial side of the base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve

(most of the bulk of the 1st web is made by it)

47
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Lumberical Muscles:

A

O: Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of each finger.

I: All 4; Distal dorsal digit expansion of…
Lumberical 1-index finger (#2)
Lumberical 2- middle finger (#3)
Lumberical 3-ring finger (#4)
Lumberical 4- little finger (#5)

Innervation: 1&2 - Median
3&4 - Ulnar (deep branch)

48
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Dorsal Interosseous Muscles:

A

O: Adjacent sides of metacarpals

I: Base of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansion of fingers (2,3,4)

DI 1- lateral side of index finger (2)
DI 2- Lateral side of middle finger (3)
DI 3- Lateral side of ring finger (4)

Innervation: Deep Ulnar branch

49
Q

Origin & Insertion of the Palmar Interosseous Muscles:

A

O: Anterior side of metacarpal of fingers 2,4, & 5
PI 1-metacarpal 2
PI 2-metacarpal 4
PI 3-metacarpal 5

I: Base of proximal phalanges and dorsal digital expansion of fingers 2,4, & 5
PI 1-index finger (2)
PI 2-Lateral ring finger (4)
PI 3-Little finger (5)

Innervation: Deep ulnar nerve

50
Q

What bones make up the carpal arch?

A

Pisiform
Triquetrum
Hamate
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium

MSK 100 Test 2 (9 decks)

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