lecture 9

Question 1

Neurogenesis =

Answer 1

creation of new neurons

Question 2

core knowledge =

Answer 2

knowledge about the nature of physical reality

Question 3

jean Piaget (1920-1980):

Answer 3

cognitive development

Question 4

assimilation =

Answer 4

new experiences are incorporated into existing schemes

Question 5

acconodation =

Answer 5

expanding or changing of existing schemes

Question 6

what are Piagets stages?

Answer 6

sensorimotor stage 0-2y
preoperational stage 2-7y
concrete operational stage 7-11y
formal operational stage 11-16y

Question 7

vygotsky:

Answer 7

sociocultural theory, goal of mental development is to function effectively as in adult in ones society

Question 8

zone of proximal development:

Answer 8

learning is social learning (the circle with the circle in it)

Question 9

what are three components of the brain?

Answer 9

1. working memory
2. inhibition
3. switching

Question 10

social behavior =

Answer 10

how we relate to, interact with and think about others. essential component of survival, reproduction and well-being

Question 11

Harlow :

Answer 11

rheusus monkey experiment. this was about attachment

Question 12

what is a key feature of attachment?

Answer 12

pychological comfort

Question 13

what are the four attachment styles?

Answer 13

secure, insecure/resistant, insecure/avoidant, disorganised

Question 14

Ainsworth strange-situation test:

Answer 14

• A mother and her 12-month-old child are brought into an unfamiliar room containing toys
• Child is allowed to play and explore with mother present
• Unfamiliar woman enters, talks to the mother, approaches the child
• Brief separation: mother leaves child alone with stranger

Question 15

secure attachment style:

Answer 15

infant explores when mother is present, shows minor distress when leaves, then later greated the mother with great enthusiasm
grow up to be mor sociable, emotionally stable, lower anxiety and depression

Question 16

insecure/resistance:

Answer 16

no exporation in mothers present, upset when mother leaves, when returns: crying and running towards her to be picked up.

Question 17

insecure?avoidant attachment:

Answer 17

distance when mother is present, little distress when leaves and when returns ignores the mother.

Question 18

maternal sensitivity affects secure attachment:

Answer 18

parental trainign increases rates of secure attachements in most infants

Question 19

theory of mind:

Answer 19

the ability to put yourself in someone elses shoes

Question 20

what age do childeren show the the beginnings of frienship?

Answer 20

2 years old

Question 21

how do childeren show the beginnings of friendship?

Answer 21

by prefering some of their peers over others.
- seek out certain interaction
- display more positive emotions
- more likely to imitate these peers and coorperate with them wthan with others

Question 22

what happens at age 9 in friendship?

Answer 22

childeren define friendships in terms of taking care of one another, helping each other and sharing friendship.

Question 23

what does friendship provide?

Answer 23

positive experience
support
training ground of social skills

Question 24

what is having close friends as a child associated with?

Answer 24

social success later in life, greater feelings of self-worth, lower incidence of depression.

Question 25

what is an example sociometrics?

Answer 25

give a list of names of children you like and who you dislike

Question 26

popular=

Answer 26

liked by many

Question 27

rejected=

Answer 27

disliked by many

Question 28

neglected=

Answer 28

neither liked or disliked, they report being lonely and are more likely to develop antisocial behavior or adjustment difficulties later in life

Question 29

what are the two types of rejected childeren?

Answer 29

agressive-rejected childeren and withdrawn-rejected childeren

Question 30

agressive-rejected childeren:

Answer 30

become aggressive as a result, less cooperative, more likely to become chronically hostile

Question 31

withdrawn-rejected childeren:

Answer 31

increased risk for depression, anxiety later in life

Question 32

what sort children are more popular?

Answer 32

securly attached, authoritative parents, attractive, not extremely inhibited (relexed), mature early

Question 33

adolescence=

Answer 33

periode from puberty through early twenties, physical changes, sexual maturity, growing sense of self, increased independence.

Question 34

adolescence man:

Answer 34

muscles grow, facial hair, deeper voice, spermarche

Question 35

adolescence females:

Answer 35

growth breast and hips, menarche

Question 36

early maturation is benificial in males:

Answer 36

bigger and stronger then peers, more likely to be popular

Question 37

early maturation in females:

Answer 37

more stress due to physical and emotional levels of development, elevated risks for some disorders

Question 38

how does adolescene work?

Answer 38

start of myelination of frontal lobes (responsible 1for self regulation) slow process and can last until late 20s

Question 39

what does romantic love similarities with?

Answer 39

attachment

Question 40

romantic attachment styles:

Answer 40

secure anxious-proccupied dismissive-avoidant fearful-avoidant

Question 41

secure attachment styles:

Answer 41

positive view of self and relationship comfortable with intimancy less likely to show cheatinf behavior or one night stands tend to seej out securely attachemend partners

Question 42

anxious-preoccupied style:

Answer 42

often overly depend on partner problems with trusting their partner high intimancy-seeking, worrying, impulsiveness sometimes paranoid

Question 43

dismissive-avoidant style:

Answer 43

avoidance of attachment distant, supressing feelings positive self-image high rates of one night stands, sex without love