Lecture 9

Question 1

What is cellular respiration (2)

Answer 1

energy derived from food
the process by which cells generate ATP through a series of redox reactions

Question 2

what is an aerobe

Answer 2

organism that grows or metabolizes only in the presence of oxygen

Question 3

what is an anaerobe

Answer 3

organism that grows only in the absence of oxygen

Question 4

what is a facultative anaerobe

Answer 4

organism capable of carrying out aerobic respiration but able to switch to fermentation with oxygen is unavailable

Question 5

what is an organic molecules cellular respiration called without oxygen

Answer 5

fermentation

Question 6

what happens during aerobic cellular respiration

Answer 6

the fuel (such as glucose) is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Question 7

where does cellular respiration and ATP synthesis occur

Answer 7

mitochondria

Question 8

What are the double membrane organelles?

Answer 8

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus

Question 9

what are the four steps of cellular respiration

Answer 9

• Glycolysis
• Formation of acetyl - CoA
• Krebs cycle
• Electron transport chain / chemiosmosis

Question 10

what is the formation of acetyl - CoA

Answer 10

fuse to activate the Krebs cycle

Question 11

what does glycolysis produce? (3)

Answer 11

2 pyruvate
2-ATP
2 NADH

Question 12

What are the electron carriers from the Krebs cycle to the electron transport chain

Answer 12

NADH
FADH

Question 13

where does glycolysis happen

Answer 13

cytosol (cytoplasm)

Question 14

where does the formation of Acetyl-CoA happen

Answer 14

mitochondrial matrix

Question 15

what is Krebs cycle fuelled by?

Answer 15

Acetyl-CoA

Question 16

where does the Kreb cycle occur

Answer 16

mitochondrial matrix

Question 17

what is the electron transport chain

Answer 17

a sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during redox reactions

Question 18

where is the electron transport chain located

Answer 18

inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 19

what transport proton passes through the electron transport chain

Answer 19

H+ (hydrogen ion)

Question 20

what is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 20

O2

Question 21

what are the primary electron donors in Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 21

NADH and FADH

Question 22

what forms the channels for diffusion of protons (H+) from the inter membrane space through the inner mitochondrial membrane to the matrix?

Answer 22

ATP synthase

Question 23

Is ATP synthesis exergonic or endergonic

Answer 23

endergonic - requires energy

Question 24

is diffusion of protons (usually H+) down their gradient exergonic or endergonic

Answer 24

exergonic - releases energy

Question 25

ATP is produced through what processes? Term (2)

Answer 25

- oxidative phosphorylation - photophosphorylation

Question 26

what is fermentation

Answer 26

occurs in the absence of O2 - an ATP generating process in which organic compounds act as both donors and acceptors of electrons

Question 27

what are the two reactions in chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

Answer 27

light reactions Calvin cycle

Question 28

what is the light reaction, and what does it produce?

Answer 28

the light driven production of ATP and NADPH

Question 29

what is the puropose of the Calvin cycle

Answer 29

the conversion of CO2 to produce carbohydrates (glucose)

Question 30

what initiates the light dependant reaction

Answer 30

chlorophyll a

Question 31

what is resonance energy

Answer 31

the migration of light energy to the reaction centre in photosynthesis

Question 32

What are the functions of the photosystems (3 for 1) (5 for 2)

Answer 32

absorption of light energy extraction of electrons transfer electrons to primary electron acceptors 2 H2O splitting Release of O2

Question 33

what couples the exergonic process of diffusion down a concentration gradient

Answer 33

the endergonic process of phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Question 34

what are the electron donors in Photophosphorylation and Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 34

Photo - H2O Oxidative - NADH and FADH

Question 35

what's the final electron acceptor in photophosphorylation

Answer 35

NADP+

Question 36

Products of photophosphorylation

Answer 36

ATP, NADPH, O2

Question 37

products of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 37

ATP, H2O

Question 38

The energy of ATP and NADPH produced during light reactions is used for what

Answer 38

formation of organic molecules from CO2 and the Calvin cycle

Question 39

where does the Calvin cycle occur

Answer 39

the stroma

Question 39

3 steps of carbon fixation/calvin cycle

Answer 39

carbon fixation energy consumption and carbon reduction RuBP regeneration

Question 40

what is Rubisco

Answer 40

the most abundant protein in the chloroplast/ incorporates CO2 into plants during photosynthesis

Question 41

does glycolysis required oxygen

Answer 41

no

Question 42

what does the kreb cycle produce

Answer 42

2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH

Question 43

what does the formation of Acetyl - CoA produce

Answer 43

2 NADH