Lecture 9

Question 1

In flexures the palm and sole are directed ____________ (towards/away) from the trunk?

Answer 1

towards

Question 2

By the end of the ___________ week the proximal parts of the upper and lower limbs undergo a 90 degree torsion around their long axes, but in opposite directions!!, so that the elbow becomes directed caudally, and the knee cranially

Answer 2

7th week

Question 3

Syndactyly

Answer 3

fusion of two or more digits (can be isolated or part of a syndrome)

Question 4

polydactyly

Answer 4

extra digits, typically occurs bilaterally

Question 5

macrodactyly

Answer 5

enlarged digits

Question 6

adactyly

Answer 6

absence of digits

Question 7

Ectrodactyly

Answer 7

“lobster claw deformity” missing middle digit; occurs unilaterally

Question 8

Amelia

Answer 8

complete absence of one or more extremities

Question 9

Meromelia

Answer 9

partial absence of one or more extremities

Question 10

phocomelia

Answer 10

shortened lower extremities

Question 11

Radial longitudinal deficiency

Answer 11

when the radius is shorted so the wrist is deviated

Question 12

What is the main difference between a functional joint and a synovial joint?

Answer 12

a functional joint does not have a joint cavity

Question 13

What is the only synovial joint that connects the arm to the axial skeleton?

Answer 13

sternoclavicular joint

Question 14

What is the only functional joint in the upper extremity?

Answer 14

scapulothoracic joint

Question 15

T/F: All of the branches of the brachial plexus only do motor innervation

Answer 15

False: all 5 branches do motor and sensory

Question 16

If the transverse humeral is enlarged what tendon will be impacted?

Answer 16

long head of the biceps brachii

Question 17

What is the purpose of the transverse humeral ligament?

Answer 17

keep bicep tendon in the bicipital groove

Question 18

What are two muscles that are tri-articulate?

Answer 18

biceps brachii and triceps brachii

Question 19

What two structures go through the radial groove?

Answer 19

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

Question 20

What is the parent structure of the L common carotid artery?

Answer 20

aorta

Question 21

What is the parent structure of the R common carotid artery?

Answer 21

the brachiocephalic trunk

Question 22

What is arterial anastomoses?

Answer 22

a network of connected arteries ready to change roles if one artery is occluded

Question 23

List the rotator cuff muscles from most commonly injured to least commonly injured?

Answer 23

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

Question 24

Which structure travels through the suprascapular notch?

Answer 24

suprascapular nerve

Question 25

which ligament entraps the suprascapular nerve when thickened?

Answer 25

superior transverse scapular ligament

Question 26

what are two spaces that the suprascapular nerve can get entrapped?

Answer 26

suprascapular notch and the spinoglenoid fossa

Question 27

T/F: the suprascapular artery gets entrapped along with the suprascapular nerve underneath the superior transverse scapular ligament

Answer 27

false; the artery travels above the ligament

Question 28

What type of acromion is associated with low shoulder and causes subacromial impingement?

Answer 28

type III: Hooked

Question 29

A RCT on the articular side of the tendon is where on the tendon?

Answer 29

the underside

Question 30

A RCT on the bursal side of the tendon is where on the tendon?

Answer 30

top side of the tendon

Question 31

What is a SLAP tear?

Answer 31

When the long head biceps tendon pulls the labrum off of the bone at 12 o clock

Question 32

What three scapular motions are required for for arm elevation?

Answer 32

upward rotation, protraction, and posterior tilting

Question 33

the glenohumeral joint must perform what motion in order for the greater tubercle to clear the acromion?

Answer 33

external rotation

Question 34

What motions must the clavicle must perform to elevate the arm?

Answer 34

elevation and backwards rotation

Question 35

How many degrees is total shoulder abduction ROM?

Answer 35

180 degrees

Question 36

the initial 30 degrees of abduction is performed by which joint?

Answer 36

glenohumeral

Question 37

30 degrees to 120 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?

Answer 37

Both the GH and ST joint; 1:1 ratio

Question 38

120 degrees to 180 degrees of shoulder abduction is performed by which joint?

Answer 38

both GH and ST; 2-3:1 ratio

Question 39

How many degrees of shoulder abduction would we be able to get without the ST joint?

Answer 39

120

Question 40

How many degrees of shoulder abduction can you get without the GH joint?

Answer 40

60 degrees

Question 41

Which ligament of the GHJ capsule causes the greatest amount of stiffness?

Answer 41

coracohumeral

Question 42

What motions does the superior GHL limit?

Answer 42

inferior translation and ER

Question 43

What motion does the middle GHL limit?

Answer 43

anterior translation

Question 44

In what position are the ligaments of the GHJ tightest?

Answer 44

90/90

Question 45

If someone is "born loose" in their shoulders is this unilaterally or bilaterally? If there are "torn loose" is this bilaterally or unilaterally?

Answer 45

Born loose: bilaterally Torn loose: unilaterally

Question 46

What are the two main bursa in the shoulder?

Answer 46

subdeltoid (or subacromion) bursa and subscapular bursa

Question 47

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? How many degrees of freedom does it have?

Answer 47

synovial saddle joint; 3 degrees of freedom

Question 48

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 48

synovial plane joint

Question 49

is the acromioclavicular joint capsule weak or strong?

Answer 49

weak

Question 50

What does the coracovlavicular ligament prevent?

Answer 50

vertical displacement of the clavicle

Question 51

Which ligament(s) is torn in separated shoulder?

Answer 51

acromioclavicular ligament

Question 52

Which ligament(s) is torn in piano key dislocation of shoulder?

Answer 52

AC ligament and coracoclavicular

Question 53

When the shoulder dislocates which direction does the humerus translate?

Answer 53

anteriorly