Lecture 9

Question 1

What is cell division?

Answer 1

When a single parental cell goes and becomes two daughter cells

Question 2

What is mitotic cell division?

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction for unicellular eukaryotes

Question 3

What is meiotic cell division?

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction with the offspring are the same as the parents genetic material

Question 4

Why is cell division important?

Answer 4

It’s important for growth, cell replacement, healing, and reproduction

Question 5

What are the two requirements for cell division?

Answer 5

First, the two daughter cells must receive full amount of genetic material from parents

Second parents must be big enough to divide and give cytoplasmic components to daughters

Question 6

What’s the first step in binary fission ?

Answer 6

Circular bacterial DNA is attached to the inner membrane

Question 7

What is the second step in binary fission?

Answer 7

DNA molecules proceeded bidirectionally around the circle

Question 8

What is the third step in binary fission

Answer 8

Two identical DNA molecules in the cell form

Question 9

What is the fourth step in binary fission?

Answer 9

The two cells will get bigger and elongate, resulting in them separating at the DNA attachment site

Question 10

What is the fifth step in binary fission

Answer 10

Deformation of membrane and wall materials at the midpoint

Question 11

What is the sixth step in binary fission

Answer 11

The selfie splits resulting in two daughter cells

Question 12

Description of eukaryotes

Answer 12

They have large and linear genomes and DNA is in the nucleus

Question 13

Description of prokaryotes

Answer 13

Small and circular genomes and DNA is in the cytoplasm

Question 14

What happens in the M phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 14

Parent cells divided into two cells

Question 15

What happens in the interphase of the cell cycle?

Answer 15

It’s the time between 2M phases and cells make many preparations

Question 16

How is DNA organized in a structure

Answer 16

DNA is organized with his histones/protein into chromatin

Question 17

What is the structure of chromosomes?

Answer 17

They are looped and packaged chromatin’s

Question 18

What are karyotype?

Answer 18

The number in shape of chromosome species and example is how humans have 46 chromosomes

Question 19

What does it mean for something to be haploid?

Answer 19

A cell with one complete set of chromosome (sperm/egg)

Question 20

What does it mean for something to be diploid?

Answer 20

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 21

In mitosis what happens during prophase

Answer 21

Chromosomes, condense, and ensure mirrors move to opposite sides

Question 22

In mitosis what happens during prometaphase

Answer 22

The nuclear membrane breaks down and microtubules of mitotic spindles attached to chromosomes

Question 23

What are Centromere

Answer 23

Location where sister chromatids connect

Question 24

What are centrosomes used for?

Answer 24

Used for chromosome separation

Question 25

For mitosis what happens during metaphase

Answer 25

Chromosomes align in centre of the cell

Question 26

For mitosis what happens during anaphase

Answer 26

Sister chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 27

What happens during telophase for mitosis cell division?

Answer 27

The de condensation of chromosomes while nuclear envelope reforms

Question 28

What happens during cytokinesis for animals?

Answer 28

Ring of Acton filaments form in between the two cells when the ring shrinks it divides the cell into two

Question 29

What happens during cytokinesis for plants?

Answer 29

Division is done by making new cell wall and sell plates form once the cell wall fuses it becomes two cell cells

Question 30

What are the products of meiotic cell division?

Answer 30

And the two rounds called Miles one and 4 daughter cells are formed with half the chromosomes of the parents

Question 31

What happens in prophase one for meiosis?

Answer 31

First, the chromosome becomes visible and then homologous chromosomes, condense, and undergoes, synapsis, and finally two pairs of chromosomes form a bivalent then chromosome shortened/thicken and nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 32

What is crossing over?

Answer 32

Among us chromosomes undergo DNA segment exchange, which helps hold bivalence together

Question 33

What happened in prometaphase one

Answer 33

Spindles attached to kinetochores on chromosomes

Question 34

What happens in metaphase one

Answer 34

Humungous pears lineup in the centre of the cell performing bivalent

Question 35

What happens during Anna phase one

Answer 35

Homologous chromosome separate sister chromatids do not

Question 36

What happens in Chailu phase one/cytokinesis

Answer 36

Daughter cells are ready for pro face 2

Question 37

What is reduction division?

Answer 37

When you have the number of chromosomes and daughter cells

Question 38

what happens in meiosis two

Answer 38

It’s the same as mitosis, but nuclei and prophase 2 has half of chromosomes, not diploid

Question 39

What happens for males in cytoplasmic division?

Answer 39

Fair division occurs with the formation of sperm

Question 40

What happens in cytoplasmic division for females?

Answer 40

Cytoplasm is divided unequally in both meiotic divisions