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Animal Behavior > Lecture 9: Behavior Problems of Geriatric Pets > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Behavior Problems of Geriatric Pets Flashcards

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0
Q

CNS changes

A

decreased white/grey matter, neurotransmitters and O2 levels

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1
Q

physical changes in senior pet

A 
arthritic joints
spondyltic changes
decreased muscle mass
organ changes (GIT, UT, resp, cardiac)
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2
Q

cognitive decline

A

brains of older dogs/cats have beenfound to have neuropathic lesions similar to dimentia patients

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3
Q

physiologic changes =

A

behavioral changes :(

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4
Q

musculoskeletal changes leading to behavioral changes:

A

arthritis –> pain –> irritability –> aggression

inappropriate elimination
less tolerant of walks/exercise –> increased anxiety

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5
Q

digestive/urinary changes leading to behavioral changes

A

house soiling

medical issues: diarrhea, constipation, renal disease, urinary incontinence

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6
Q

special senses affecting behavioral changes

A

visual/hearing loss: more easily startled –> aggression

loss smell/taste: decrease intrest in food

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7
Q

CNS changes leading to behavioral changes

A

neurotransmitters: less social interactive, slower to obey commands, less alert/aware

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8
Q

top 3 VIN database survey of behavioral complaints in cats

A

excessive vocalizing
inappropriate elimination
disorientation

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9
Q

when does 50% of house soiling begin and what are the reasons?

A

after 10 years old

reasons: renal disease, diabetes mellitus, loss of sight/olfaction, “status issues”, cognitive dysfunction, no reason

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10
Q

when does inter-cat aggression occur?

A

new cat, younger cat, fear-induced, redirected, pain-elicited

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11
Q

hyperactivity and vocalization may be caused by

A

hyperthryoidisim, sensory decline, cognitive dysfunction, pain/discomfort, neurologic, “contact calling” owner

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12
Q

top 3 behavior complaints in VIN database survey on geriatric dogs

A

multiple signs of anxiety
separation anxiety
wandering

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13
Q

anxiety

A

secondary to discomfort, pain, sensory decline

will see: increased vigilance, trembling, tail tucked/ears back, panting, pacing, hiding

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14
Q

reasons for urination house soiling

A

renal disease, arthritis (unable to get up fast enough), fear/anxiety (storm phobia, SA), cognitive decline

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15
Q

reasons for defection house soiling

A

neurologic (loss of control), arthritis (inability to posture), changes in diet, GI disease, anxiety, cognitive decline

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16
Q

separation anxiety definition

when is it most commonly seen?

A

sensitive to changes in routine

bi-modal age groups: young and very old

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17
Q

noise phobias

A

increased anxiety and increased sensitivity

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18
Q

nocturnal restlessness

A

sleep disturbance due to medical issues

its the #1 thing seen with cognitive effects

decreased REM sleep, increased elimination needs, physical discomfort,anxiety, cognitive decline

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19
Q

excessive vocalization

A

distress vocal
attention seeking
separation anxiety
cognitive dysfunction syndrome

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20
Q

human directed aggression causes

A

defensivefear, secondary to anxiety, pain, sensory decline

signs: increased vigilance, trembling, tail tucked, panting

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21
Q

inter-dog aggression: reasons

A

hierarchy issues, communication issues most common

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22
Q

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome

A

recently recognized age related disorder associated with physical and chemical changes in brain

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23
Q

cognitive function

Study These Flashcards
A

mental process that cannot be directly observed: memory, learning, awareness, perception

24
cognitive tasks
observable behaviors - housetraining, object discrimination, spatial orientation, resposne to family
25
problem with diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction syndrome
its underreported because the owner must be able to recognize the signs!
26
major form categories of cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS)
1. disorientation 2. activity and sleep 3. housetraining 4. interactions with family members
27
signs of disorientation (category of CDS)
wandering, appearing confused/lost, stares at walls, decreased response to verbal cues, unable to recognize familiar places/people, forgets reason for going outside
28
signs of activity and sleep (category of CDS)
sleep more overall, **less at night**, decrease in purposeful activity, **increase in aimless activity**, nighttime agitation
29
signs of housetraining issues: major form category of CDS
eliminates indoors even after just being out, signals less to go out
30
signs of interactions with family members: category of CDS
solicits less attention, less likely to stand for petting/walks away, no longer greets owners, **may become more "clingy"**
31
brain pathophysiology in older dog
ventricular enlargement hippocampus tissue shrinkage
32
chemical changes
neurotransmitter changes beta-amyloid accumulation
33
neurotransmitter changes
decrease in function, activity or levels of dopamine, NE, serotinin, Ach, MAO (mono amine oxidase)
34
beta-amyloid accumulation
increase beta-amyloid in cerebral cortex hippocampus --> plaque formation and interference with nerve conduction (neurotoxic) severity of decline association with extent of amyloid deposition = treat early!
35
feline CDS
``` disorientation and anxiety: vocalization, pacing, house-soiling sleep-wake alteration social interaction learning and memory signs cahnge with age ```
36
what age does CDS typically occur in cats
>11 years
37
cats aged 11-14 show what alterations?
altered interactions with owner most common
38
cats aged 15+ show what changes in behavior?
sleep/wake activity changes are more common
39
treating CDS - what methods are there?
``` general - treat medical problems, control obesity & discomfort, etc environmental modification behavior modification dietary Tx drug tx ```
40
what environmental modiciations can be made to treat CDS
frequent outdoor access, paper training/diapers, non-skid surfaces, easier access to litter box, avoid major environmental changes
41
behavior modifications to treat CDS
reward appropriate behavior, no punish, consistent/moderate exercise, *mental/tactile stimulation*, relaxation exercises
42
dietary treatment for CDS
Hill's b/d for DOGS - antioxidant formula, improves learning ability and alertness, reduces house soiling and disorientation, improves family interaction/sleep
43
drug treatments available for treatment of CDS
Anipryl (Selegiline HCl) - Mono amine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) - FDA approved for dogs (can be used in cats but not approved) - not a cure, just slows progression
44
selective and irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B
antioxidant activity: decrease free radical formation increase neuro-protective amines: prevention of neurodegenerative processes (like Parkinsons, Alzheimers)
45
What is the dose of Anipryl/Selegiline?
0.5 - 1.0 mg/kg every am should see improvement in 3 months monitor q 3-6 months treat for life
46
onset of action of Selegiline
variable - 4-12 weeks 69-75% of dogs improves in at least one clinical sign after 1 month increased improvement may be seen with extended use
47
things to keep in mind about Separation Anxiety
separation anxiety is not uncommonly the 1st sign of CDS SA can manifest as DZ (don't know what DZ stands for) if SA proceeds to CDS, wean off fluxetine wait 2-5 weeks before starting anipryl
48
WARNING about FDA approved drugs!
don't ever give the TWO FDA-approved behavioral medications at the same time note: in this lecture powerpoint set - it says "two FDA approved behavioral drugs" but in her first lecture she says there are three behavior drugs approved by the FDA (which are clomicalm, anipryl and reconcile), Brittany's notes also says "3 FDA approved drugs" so... not sure what thats all about
49
what drug should you give for "panic attacks" in dogs
anxiolytics! can also give with selegiline
50
what anxiolytic do you give for fast-onset and short activity
alprazolam
51
what anxiolytic do you give for slower-onset and longer lasting?
diazepam | clonazepam
52
what is the brand name of selegiline and what drug category is it in?
anipryl its a TCA
53
what adjunctive treatment can you give for CDS?
``` anxiolytics adaptil or feliway lavendar melatonin acupuncture senilife novifit ```
54
what is adaptil
a dog appeasing pheromone
55
what is the dose for melatonin?
0.1mg/kg/day
56
what is senilife
a nutritional supplement for the signs of brain aging in elderly dogs contains: Vitamins B6 and E, Ginkgo biloba, and phosphatidylserine
57
what is novifit
another nutritional supplement that is recommended for aging dogs and cats. contains a highly pure and stable form of SAMe: S-adenosyl-L-Methionine

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